Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 17, Problem 14RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
Definition of the following terminologies:
1. Cistron
2. Operon
3.miRNA (micro ribonucleic Acid)
4.siRNA (small interfering RNA)
5.snoRNA (small nucleolar RNA)
Introduction:
The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) serves as the primary genetic constituent in most of the organisms. Certain genetic elements such as cistron and operons may be present in the DNA. Moreover, the DNA may code for noncoding RNA molecules such as miRNA, siRNA, and snoRNA.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Question 2:
Part a: Complete the table describing different components of intron removal from mRNA. Nu:, X and Y refer to B-type chemistry shown on the previous page. (YELLOW table shown)
Part b: Complete the table describing different components of group I self-splicing intron removal from 26S rRNA in Tetrahymena. (BLUE table shown)
Part c: Draw the intron with an all atom structure for Branchpoint A after intron removal from mRNA
Part d: Draw the Group I self-splicing intron with an all atom structure for the Guanosine cofactor after intron removal from 26S rRNA in Tetrahymena.
The eukaryotic mRNA is protected from degradation by a 3′ _____________.
Suppose the codon sequence
GUGCAAUUCGAGGCC
has a single base pair mutation to
GUGCAAUUCAAGGCC.
If the old protein sequence was Val-Gln-Phe-Glu-Ala, what will be the new sequence encoded by the mutant gene?
____________________________.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Ch. 17 - Prob. 1QCh. 17 - Prob. 2QCh. 17 - Prob. 3QCh. 17 - Prob. 4QCh. 17 - Prob. 5QCh. 17 - Prob. 6QCh. 17 - Prob. 7QCh. 17 - Prob. 8QCh. 17 - Prob. 1RQCh. 17 - Prob. 2RQ
Ch. 17 - Prob. 3RQCh. 17 - Prob. 4RQCh. 17 - Prob. 5RQCh. 17 - Prob. 6RQCh. 17 - Prob. 7RQCh. 17 - Prob. 8RQCh. 17 - Prob. 9RQCh. 17 - Prob. 10RQCh. 17 - Prob. 11RQCh. 17 - Prob. 12RQCh. 17 - Prob. 13RQCh. 17 - Prob. 14RQCh. 17 - Prob. 15RQCh. 17 - Prob. 16RQCh. 17 - Prob. 17RQCh. 17 - Prob. 18RQCh. 17 - Prob. 19RQCh. 17 - Prob. 20RQCh. 17 - Prob. 21RQCh. 17 - Prob. 22RQCh. 17 - Prob. 23RQCh. 17 - Prob. 24RQCh. 17 - Prob. 25RQCh. 17 - Prob. 26RQCh. 17 - Prob. 27RQCh. 17 - Prob. 28RQCh. 17 - Prob. 29RQCh. 17 - Prob. 30RQCh. 17 - Prob. 31RQCh. 17 - Prob. 32RQCh. 17 - Prob. 33RQCh. 17 - Prob. 34RQCh. 17 - Prob. 35RQCh. 17 - Prob. 36RQCh. 17 - Prob. 37RQCh. 17 - Prob. 38RQCh. 17 - Prob. 39RQCh. 17 - Prob. 40RQCh. 17 - Prob. 41FBCh. 17 - Prob. 42FBCh. 17 - Prob. 43FBCh. 17 - Prob. 44FBCh. 17 - Prob. 45FBCh. 17 - Prob. 46FBCh. 17 - Prob. 47FBCh. 17 - Prob. 48FBCh. 17 - Prob. 49FBCh. 17 - Prob. 50FBCh. 17 - Prob. 51SACh. 17 - Prob. 52SACh. 17 - Prob. 53SACh. 17 - Prob. 54SACh. 17 - Prob. 55SACh. 17 - Prob. 56TQCh. 17 - Prob. 57TQCh. 17 - Prob. 58TQCh. 17 - Prob. 59TQCh. 17 - Prob. 60TQCh. 17 - Prob. 61TQCh. 17 - Prob. 62TQCh. 17 - Prob. 63TQCh. 17 - Prob. 64TQCh. 17 - Prob. 65TQCh. 17 - Prob. 66TQCh. 17 - Prob. 67TQCh. 17 - Prob. 68TQCh. 17 - Prob. 69TQCh. 17 - Prob. 70TQCh. 17 - Prob. 71TQCh. 17 - Prob. 72TQCh. 17 - Prob. 73TQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Gene expression is initiated largely in response to changes in the ____________________________ in prokaryotes as opposed to changes affecting the homeostasis of the whole organism in eukaryotes.arrow_forwardQuestion 47 (a) Use the following figure to determine the changes to the amino acids that correspond to the normal and mutated DNA sequences. Normal DNA sequence: 3 CAT TCA AAC ATT 5 Mutated DNA sequence: 3 CAT AGT GAG GTC 5 (Hint: Write the mRNA first, then identify the amino acids.) (b) What type of mutation is shown? First base of codon U C A G U UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA Met ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Phe -Leu Leu lle Second base of codon A C Val -Ser Pro Thr Ala UAUTYT туг UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG. His Gin AAU AAC Asn AAA GAUT GAC GAA GAG Asp G AAGLYS AGG. GGU GGC GGA GGG Glu UGU UGC UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG Bys A Trp G U C -Arg AGU AGC AGA аса за Ser Arg U C Gly AG A U C A G U C A G Third base of codonarrow_forwardA _____________ is a multienzyme complex that synthesizes RNA primers in E. coli DNA replication.arrow_forward
- QUESTION 19 Place the following steps in the expression of the lac operon in the order in which each occurs for the first time after a cell is induced. v A phosphodiester bond is formed between two ribonucleotides. - A peptide bond is formed between the first two amino acids in beta-galactosidase (lac Z). Sigma protein binds to a specific DNA sequence. RNA polymerase ends transcription of the lacA gene. v A protein leaves an operator DNA sequence. v A ribosomal RNA binds to a complementary sequence in mRNA.arrow_forwardQuestion 18 Match Column A with Column B. transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis A. operator B. rRNA has anticodon loop C. IRNA v directs amino acid sequence of proteins D. MRNA contains the Shine-Delgarno sequence E. most type of RNA v synthesized in the eukaryote nucleus F. promoter v found inside the ribosome v region where the RNA binds to the DNA template region where the activator protein binds to the DNA templatearrow_forwardQuestion 1. Enzymes, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) macromolecules. Enzymes are not only speed up the reaction, but also are necessary for DNA repreduction. are important biological a) Compare the process of protein synthesis between eukaryote mRNA and viral RNA b) With the aid of a diagram, draw an adapter molecule that recognizes the codons of mRNA and explain its functions in DNA translation.arrow_forward
- QUESTION 48 Identify the best match between the mutation description and term. a. Synonymous mutation: has the potential to cause large changes in transcription and subsequence amino acid sequence due to reading frameshifts b. Nonsense mutation: causes a drastic change in phenotype because the change causes a premature stop in the amino acid sequence c. Indel: a change in the DNA that changes the codon code from one amino acid to another amino acid d. Missense mutation: results in a change in single nucleotide from a purine to another purine or a pyrimidine to another pyrimidine but does not change the amino acid sequencearrow_forwardQUESTION NO. 1 During initiation of protein synthesis, A. methionyl-tRNA appears at the A site of the 80S initiation complex. B. eIF3 and the 40S ribosomal subunit participate in forming a preinitiation complex . C. eIF2 is phosphorylated by GTP . D. the same methionyl-tRNA is used as is used during elongation . E. a complex of mRNA, 60S ribosomal subunit, and certain initiation factors is formed. QUESTION NO. 2 Normally, certain kinds of reiterated sequences occur in a chromosome as an interspersion pattern that is A. highly repetitive DNA sequences. B. the portion of DNA composed of single-copy DNA. C. Alu sequences. D. alcernacing blocks of single-copy DNA and moderately repetitive DNA. E. alternating blocks of short interspersed repeats and long interspersed repeats.arrow_forwardQuestion #3: CRISPR has been used to cure an individual from sickle cell. Below is a Sanger electropherogram of a sequence from a patient without sickle cell and one with sickle cell. Sequence from a normal individual mmmm Sequence from the diseased individual G T GIIC A GC A Se SCIENCEphe A G A SCIENCE SCIENCEphoto G a) Where is the change in the sequence and what is the consequence to the protein sequence of this mutation? b) Below is an image of the normal and diseased quaternary hemoglobin protein. What is different about the protein shape and why does that structure have a huge impact on its function (please name the function!)? Adult haemogBRAR G G G G A G Sickle Cell haemoglobin S Structure a s RARY COLIBRARY c) If you were to use CRISPR to modify the genome of a diseased individual, to which nucleotides might you design your guide RNA? Why? d) RNA Seq is used to determine off-target effects of Cas9 cleavage. Why is this an appropriate tool to determine these effects? e) Data on…arrow_forward
- Question 5. AP1 is a transcription factor and an important regulator of gene expression and cell proliferation. Dysregulation of AP1 function may lead to cancer. The fos gene codes for AP1. Below is an experiment in which the role of a micro‐RNA (miR‐7b) in the regulation of fos gene expression was studied. miR‐7b shows partial sequence complementarity to the 3′‐untranslated region of fos mRNA. A DNA fragment coding for miR‐7b RNA and another fragment coding for a micro‐RNA unrelated to fos mRNA were cloned into vectors, and the recombinant plasmids (designated si‐miR‐7b, samples 3 and 4, and si‐miR‐neg, samples 5 and 6, respectively, in Fig. 1) were introduced into mouse fibroblast cells. Non-transfected cells were used as controls (samples 1 and 2). Samples 2, 4, and 6, were treated with a chemical PMA that induces transcription of fos gene; samples 1, 3, and 5 were left untreated. Two hours after PMA treatment protein extracts were prepared from the cultures and were then…arrow_forwardQuestion 12 The "natural" function of restriction endonucleases is to A help bacteriophages infect cells. B) regulate gene expression from specific promoters. protect bacterial cells which have them. D) remove chromatin from histones.arrow_forwardQUESTION 8 Consider the pathway for the synthesis of the amino acid arginine in Neurospora: ARG-E → citrulline ARG-F ARG-H ornithine argininosuccinate arginine Mutant strains of Neurospora may carry one or more mutations. Neurospora mutant strain b is grown on minimal media plus supplements as shown. Growth is shown by (+) and no growth is shown by (o). Supplements ornithine mutant nothing citrulline arginino- succinate arginine strain What can you conclude from these data? O Strain a has only one mutation and it is in ARG-E. O Strain b has only one mutation and it is in ARG-H. O Strain a has a mutation in ARG-F and strain b has a mutation in ARG-E. O Strain b has mutations in ARG-E, ARG-F, and ARG-H. + +arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781464126116
Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781118918401
Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt
Publisher:WILEY
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305961135
Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...
Biochemistry
ISBN:9780134015187
Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher:PEARSON
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY