Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 17, Problem 11RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
Definition of the following terminologies:
1. Epigenetics
2. CpG islands
3. Epimutation
4. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) methylation
5. Histone acetylation
Introduction:
The gene expression can be controlled at different levels. One of the simplest ways to do this is through epigenetic alterations. These alterations can include DNA methylation and Histone acetylation, which constitute epimutations. Moreover, certain distinct sites such as CpG islands can serve as the prominent regions for epigenetic changes.
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QUESTION NO. 1
Patients with the rare genetic disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are very sensitive to light and are highly susceptible to skin cancers. The study of such patients has enhanced our knowledge of DNA repair because XP is caused by defective DNA repair nucleotide excision repair. (A variant, XP-V, is deficient in postreplication repair.) In nucleotide excision repair
A. removal of the damaged bases occurs on only one strand of the DNA.
B. only thymine dimers generated by UV light can be removed .
C. the excision nuclease is an exonuclease.
D. a single multifunctional enzyme carries out the repair process.
E. only the damaged nucleotides are removed.
QUESTION NO.2
Homologous recombination:
A. occurs only between two segments from the same DNA molecule.
B. requires that a specific DNA sequence be present.
C. requires one of the duplexes undergoing recombination be nicked in both strands.
D. involves a…
QUESTION 8
Consider the pathway for the synthesis of the amino acid arginine in Neurospora:
ARG-E
→ citrulline
ARG-F
ARG-H
ornithine
argininosuccinate arginine
Mutant strains of Neurospora may carry one or more mutations. Neurospora mutant strain b is grown on minimal media plus supplements as shown.
Growth is shown by (+) and no growth is shown by (o).
Supplements
ornithine
mutant nothing
citrulline
arginino-
succinate
arginine
strain
What can you conclude from these data?
O Strain a has only one mutation and it is in ARG-E.
O Strain b has only one mutation and it is in ARG-H.
O Strain a has a mutation in ARG-F and strain b has a mutation in ARG-E.
O Strain b has mutations in ARG-E, ARG-F, and ARG-H.
+ +
Question 1.
Enzymes, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
macromolecules. Enzymes are not only speed up the reaction, but also are necessary for DNA
repreduction.
are important biological
a) Compare the process of protein synthesis between eukaryote mRNA and viral RNA
b) With the aid of a diagram, draw an adapter molecule that recognizes the codons of mRNA
and explain its functions in DNA translation.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Ch. 17 - Prob. 1QCh. 17 - Prob. 2QCh. 17 - Prob. 3QCh. 17 - Prob. 4QCh. 17 - Prob. 5QCh. 17 - Prob. 6QCh. 17 - Prob. 7QCh. 17 - Prob. 8QCh. 17 - Prob. 1RQCh. 17 - Prob. 2RQ
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- Question 47 (a) Use the following figure to determine the changes to the amino acids that correspond to the normal and mutated DNA sequences. Normal DNA sequence: 3 CAT TCA AAC ATT 5 Mutated DNA sequence: 3 CAT AGT GAG GTC 5 (Hint: Write the mRNA first, then identify the amino acids.) (b) What type of mutation is shown? First base of codon U C A G U UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA Met ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Phe -Leu Leu lle Second base of codon A C Val -Ser Pro Thr Ala UAUTYT туг UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG. His Gin AAU AAC Asn AAA GAUT GAC GAA GAG Asp G AAGLYS AGG. GGU GGC GGA GGG Glu UGU UGC UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG Bys A Trp G U C -Arg AGU AGC AGA аса за Ser Arg U C Gly AG A U C A G U C A G Third base of codonarrow_forwardQUESTION NO. 1 During initiation of protein synthesis, A. methionyl-tRNA appears at the A site of the 80S initiation complex. B. eIF3 and the 40S ribosomal subunit participate in forming a preinitiation complex . C. eIF2 is phosphorylated by GTP . D. the same methionyl-tRNA is used as is used during elongation . E. a complex of mRNA, 60S ribosomal subunit, and certain initiation factors is formed. QUESTION NO. 2 Normally, certain kinds of reiterated sequences occur in a chromosome as an interspersion pattern that is A. highly repetitive DNA sequences. B. the portion of DNA composed of single-copy DNA. C. Alu sequences. D. alcernacing blocks of single-copy DNA and moderately repetitive DNA. E. alternating blocks of short interspersed repeats and long interspersed repeats.arrow_forwardExpressed sequences of DNA are called ________________.arrow_forward
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