Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:The indicated synthesis for alcohol should be evaluated as either good, not so good or worthless.
Concept introduction:Haloalkane solvolysis with ethanol, methanol or water is a typical example for unimolecuar substitution. It proceeds via two-step mechanism. The first slow step that determines rate is the removal of leaving group from the substrate haloalkane and generates a carbocation. Since the rate is only governed by substrate alone and no other nucleophile or solvent it is termed as unimolecuar substitution. The final step is attack of nucleophile on carbocation generated and formation of racemic products.
Tertiary or secondary halides undergo fastest unimolecuar substitution as they can readily form the tertiary carbocation followed by secondary and least reactive are primary.
(b)
Interpretation: The indicated synthesis for alcohol should be classified as either good, not so good or worthless.
Concept introduction:Bimolecular substitution or
A general
(c)
Interpretation: The indicated synthesis for alcohol should be classified as either good, not so good or worthless.
Concept introduction:Bimolecular substitution or
A general
(d)
Interpretation: The indicated synthesis for alcohol should be classified as either good, not so good or worthless.
Concept introduction: Bimolecular substitution or
A general
(e)
Interpretation: The indicated synthesis for alcohol should be classified as either good, not so good or worthless.
Concept introduction: Bimolecular substitution or
A general
(f)
Interpretation: The indicated synthesis for alcohol should be classified as either good, not so good or worthless.
Concept introduction: Bimolecular substitution or
A general
(g)
Interpretation: The indicated synthesis for alcohol should be evaluated as either good, not so good or worthless.
Concept introduction: Haloalkane solvolysis with ethanol, methanol or water is a typical example for unimolecuar substitution. It proceeds via two-step mechanism. The first slow step that determines rate is the removal of leaving group from the substrate haloalkane and generates a carbocation. Since the rate is only governed by substrate alone and no other nucleophile or solvent it is termed as unimolecuar substitution. The final step is attack of nucleophile on carbocation generated and formation of racemic products.
Tertiary or secondary halides undergo fastest unimolecuar substitution as they can readily form the tertiary carbocation followed by secondary and least reactive are primary.
(h)
Interpretation: The indicated synthesis for alcohol should be classified as either good, not so good or worthless.
Concept introduction: Bimolecular substitution or
A general
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Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
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