(a)
Interpretation: Out of the nucleophile pairs
Concept introduction: Three principal factors that affect the competition between substitution and elimination: basicity of the nucleophile, steric hindrance in the
Nucleophiles that have large steric bulk such as
(b)
Interpretation: Out of the nucleophile pairs the one that will give a higher elimination: substitution product ratio in reaction with
Concept introduction: Three principal factors that affect the competition between substitution and elimination: basicity of the nucleophile, steric hindrance in the alkyl halide, and steric bulk around the nucleophilic atom.
The bases such as hydroxide ion, alkoxide ion, amide ion, tertiary amines are highly strong bases that favor elimination over substitution. On the other hand bases such as methanol, halides, alkyl phosphines, azides, cyanides, acetates are regarded as weak bases and they form substitution products in greater ratios than elimination products.
(c)
Interpretation: Out of the nucleophile pairs the one that will give a higher elimination: substitution product ratio in reaction with
Concept introduction: Three principal factors that affect the competition between substitution and elimination: basicity of the nucleophile, steric hindrance in the alkyl halide, and steric bulk around the nucleophilic atom.
The bases such as hydroxide ion, alkoxide ion, amide ion, tertiary amines are highly strong bases that favor elimination over substitution. On the other hand bases such as methanol, halides, alkyl phosphines, azides, cyanides, acetates are regarded as weak bases and they form substitution products in greater ratios than elimination products.
(d)
Interpretation: Out of the nucleophile pairs
Concept introduction: Three principal factors that affect the competition between substitution and elimination: basicity of the nucleophile, steric hindrance in the alkyl halide, and steric bulk around the nucleophilic atom. The bases such as hydroxide ion, alkoxide ion, amide ion, tertiary amines are highly strong bases that favor elimination over substitution. On the other hand bases such as methanol, halides, alkyl phosphines, azides, cyanides, acetates are regarded as weak bases and they form substitution products in greater ratios than elimination products.
Nucleophiles that have large steric bulk such as
(e)
Interpretation: Of the nucleophile pairs
Concept introduction: Three principal factors that affect the competition between substitution and elimination: basicity of the nucleophile, steric hindrance in the alkyl halide, and steric bulk around the nucleophilic atom. The bases such as hydroxide ion, alkoxide ion, amide ion, tertiary amines are highly strong bases that favor elimination over substitution. On the other hand bases such as methanol, halides, alkyl phosphines, azides, cyanides, acetates are regarded as weak bases and they form substation products in greater ratios than elimination products.
Nucleophiles that have large steric bulk such as
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Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
- True or false? 2-bromo-2-methylpropane undergoes SN1 rather than SN2 because the nucleophile experiences steric hindrance, and a stable carbocation can be formed. When hydroxide ion reacts with 1-chloropropane the main product is 1-propanol.arrow_forwardWrite the appropriate reagents, conditions and products for the following transformations, in a single step. OH II HNO, ? (1) H,SO,arrow_forwardIf anhydrides react like acid chlorides with the nucleophiles, draw the products formed when each of the following nucleophiles reacts with benzoic anhydride [(C6H5CO)2O]: (a) CH3MgBr (2 equiv), then H2O; (b) LiAlH4, then H2O; (c) LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3, then H2O.arrow_forward
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- Carboxylic acids can also act as a nucleophile in substitution reactions (your textbook shows this!). What is the major expected product of the following reaction? ola పహద్డనిు Но CH3 Br CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 A в Darrow_forwardRank the nucleophiles in following group in order of increasing nucleophilicity. H2O, −OH, CH3CO2-arrow_forward2) When conjugated aldehydes or ketones are attacked by a nucleophile, often more than one product forms. Please show resonance structures to explain which positions in the following conjugated ketone can react with NaBH4. Which product(s) can form? + H н-вн Na H CH3OHarrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning