Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The probability of the outcomes to be 6 (R), 6 (G), 6 (E).
Introduction: Genetics is one of the unique field of science that has fundamental laws which are stated as probability laws. Thus the probabilities we compute have reality as long-run frequencies and are not just subjective.
b.
To determine: The probability of the outcomes to be 6 (R), 5 (G), 6 (E).
Introduction: Probability is a method used to predict the likelihood of uncertain outcomes.
c.
To determine: The probability of the outcomes to be 6 (R), 5 (G), 4 (E).
Introduction: Probability is essential for genetics because it can be used to uncover traits masked by dominant alleles and to calculate the chance that offspring will inherit certain features, including some heritable diseases.
d.
To determine: The probability of the outcomes to no sixes at all.
Introduction: Genetic equilibrium is the opposite of evolution, and observation of growth is only possible in species not currently experiencing genetic stability.
e.
To determine: The probability of the outcomes to be different in all dice.
Introduction: Probability of inheritance is the two parental copies of a gene is inherited on which sex cell is inherited; it is a matter of chance.
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Introduction to Genetic Analysis
- Lucas conducted a dihybrid cross in his genetics experiment. He observed 315 flies with gray body and long wings, 108 flies with gray body and miniature wings, 101 flies with ebony body and long wings, and 32 flies with ebony body and miniature wings. Analyse these data using test to see if (i) they fit a 9:3:3:1 ratio. (ii) the gray : ebony data fit a 3:1 ratio. Table 1: Chi-square table Chi Square Values and Probability Degrees of Freedom P = 0.99 0.95 0.80 0.50 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.000157 0.00393 0.0642 0.455 1.642 3.841 6.635 2 0.020 0.103 0.446 1.386 3.219 5.991 9.210 0.115 0.352 1.005 2.366 4.642 7.815 11.345 4. 0.297 0.711 1.649 3.357 5.989 9.488 13.277arrow_forward#2 a) If sex and eye colored were viewed as two different phenotypes with male being dominant over female (or vice versa), then Mendelian ratios of a dihybrid cross may explain the ratios that Morgan got. Here is some hypothetical data based on the ratios gotten by Morgan and the expected Mendelian ratios for a dihybrid F1 cross. Perform a Chi-square test (separate scrap paper) with the null hypothesis being that the "Morgan observed ratios" are within chance from the Mendelian ratios. State whether the Chi-square test supports or rejects the null hypothesis and explain. (Be sure to include the X2 value, degrees of freedom, critical value.) Hint: what did Morgan discover? Think about this for your degrees of freedom.* Expected Mendelian Ratios Morgan Observed Ratios 900 Red, male 800 Red, male 300 Red, female 400 Red, female 300 white, male 400 white, male O white, female 100 white, female Terms of Use Support | Schoology Blog | PRIVACY POLICY INarrow_forward# 2 a) If sex and eye colored were viewed as two different phenotypes with male being dominant over female (or vice versa), then Mendelian ratios of a dihybrid cross may explain the ratios that Morgan got. Here is some hypothetical data based on the ratios gotten by Morgan and the expected Mendelian ratios for a dihybrid F1 cross. Perform a Chi-square test (separate scrap paper) with the null hypothesis being that the "Morgan observed ratios" are within chance from the Mendelian ratios. State whether the Chi-square test supports or rejects the null hypothesis and explain. (Be sure t include the X2 value, degrees of freedom, critical value.) Hint: what did Morgan discover? Think about this for your degrees of freedom. * Expected Mendelian Ratios Morgan Observed Ratios 900 Red, male 800 Red, male 300 Red, female 400 Red, female 400 white, male 300 white, maile O white, female 100 white, female Schoology Support | Schoology Blog | PRIVACY POLICY | Terms of Use INTLarrow_forward
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