Introduction to Genetic Analysis
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781464109485
Author: Anthony J.F. Griffiths, Susan R. Wessler, Sean B. Carroll, John Doebley
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 2, Problem 26P
Summary Introduction
To determine: Whether the transfer of genetic makeup from parents to offsprings is half, and one-quarter from each grandparent and then one-eight from each great grandparents.
Introduction: The process by which genetic information is passed from one generation to next is inheritance. The reason behind the presence of similar characteristics of an individual to his family members is the inheritance of genetic information.
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When Mendel did his experiments, it was the case that the genes for each trait were on separate pairs of homologous chromosomes. For example, the genes for pod color were on one pair of chromosomes and the genes for the seed coat were on a different pair of chromosomes. What if the genes for the two traits were on the same chromosome? (That is, if the gene for pod color was on the same chromosome as the gene for seed coat.) Would Mendel’s 2nd Law still hold? Why or why not?
In the previous topic, you learned that Gregor
Mendel used Pisum sativum to conceptualize
the governing laws of Genetics. In this activity,
we will recall how Gregor Mendel utilized the
idea of classical breeding to come up with
desirable traits.
Supposed you have two individual peas. One of
the peas is a pure breed with round green seeds
while the other has heterozygous round yellow
seeds. Supposed a farmer wants to have pure
breed peas that have green wrinkled seeds.
How are you going to come up with these traits
using the two peas that you have? (Note: If the
F1 does not include a pure breed green wrinkled
seed, you will use the F1 peas for next
generation breeding and so on until you have
the desired traits. Pure breed means
homozygous alleles.)
Show the Punnett squares for the cross. You
will come up with two or more squares based
on how many generations you made.
B
B
BB
Bb
b
Bb
bb
Brown rabbits have the genotype BB or Bb. White rabbits have the genotype bb. If two brown rabbits, with the
genotypes seen in the Punnett square above, have baby rabbits, what is the probability that the baby rabbits will also
be brown?
A
B)
50%
75%
D)
100%
5)
According to Mendel's
is why gametes have half the usual number of chromosomes.
one copy of a gene is passed randomly from each parent to their offspring. This
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction to Genetic Analysis
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1PCh. 2 - Prob. 2PCh. 2 - Prob. 3PCh. 2 - Prob. 4PCh. 2 - Prob. 6PCh. 2 - Prob. 7PCh. 2 - Prob. 8PCh. 2 - Prob. 9PCh. 2 - Prob. 10PCh. 2 - Prob. 11P
Ch. 2 - Prob. 12PCh. 2 - Prob. 13PCh. 2 - Prob. 14PCh. 2 - Prob. 15PCh. 2 - Prob. 16PCh. 2 - Prob. 17PCh. 2 - Prob. 18PCh. 2 - Prob. 19PCh. 2 - Prob. 20PCh. 2 - Prob. 21PCh. 2 - Prob. 22PCh. 2 - Prob. 23PCh. 2 - Prob. 24PCh. 2 - Prob. 25PCh. 2 - Prob. 26PCh. 2 - Prob. 27PCh. 2 - Prob. 28PCh. 2 - Prob. 31PCh. 2 - Prob. 32PCh. 2 - Prob. 33PCh. 2 - Prob. 34PCh. 2 - Prob. 35PCh. 2 - Prob. 36PCh. 2 - Prob. 37PCh. 2 - Prob. 38PCh. 2 - Prob. 39PCh. 2 - Prob. 40PCh. 2 - Prob. 41PCh. 2 - Prob. 42PCh. 2 - Prob. 43PCh. 2 - Prob. 44PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.1PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.2PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.3PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.4PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.5PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.6PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.7PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.8PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.9PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.10PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.11PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.12PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.13PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.14PCh. 2 - Prob. 44.15PCh. 2 - Prob. 45PCh. 2 - Prob. 47PCh. 2 - Prob. 48PCh. 2 - Prob. 49PCh. 2 - Prob. 50PCh. 2 - Prob. 51PCh. 2 - Prob. 52PCh. 2 - Prob. 53PCh. 2 - Prob. 56PCh. 2 - Prob. 57PCh. 2 - Prob. 58PCh. 2 - Prob. 59PCh. 2 - Prob. 60PCh. 2 - Prob. 61PCh. 2 - Prob. 62PCh. 2 - Prob. 63PCh. 2 - Prob. 64PCh. 2 - Prob. 65PCh. 2 - Prob. 66PCh. 2 - Prob. 67PCh. 2 - Prob. 68PCh. 2 - Prob. 69PCh. 2 - Prob. 70PCh. 2 - Prob. 71PCh. 2 - Prob. 72PCh. 2 - Prob. 73PCh. 2 - Prob. 74PCh. 2 - Prob. 75PCh. 2 - Prob. 76PCh. 2 - Prob. 77PCh. 2 - Prob. 78PCh. 2 - Prob. 79P
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- 1) Identify the most important advantage that Mendel's pea plants had for studying the inheritance of traits 2) Using no more than one sentence, please explain why this advantage or characteristic was critical for the success of Mendel's experimentsarrow_forwardIn an 1889 book titled Natural Inheritance (Macmillan, New York), Francis Galton, who investigated the inheritance of measurable (quantitative) traits, formulated a law of "ancestral inheritance." The law stated that each person inherits approximately one-half of his or her genetic traits from each parent, about one-quarter of the traits from each grandparent, one-eighth from each great grandparent, and so on. In light of the chromosome theory of heredity, argue either in favor of Galton's law or against it.arrow_forwardMendel describes subjecting each of the 34 varieties of peas he obtained to a two-year trial. During this time he let the plants self-fertilize and observed their offspring. What was he looking for, and what was the purpose of doing this two-year trial? Explain what Mendel means when he writes that the 3:1 ratio observed in the first generation from the hybrids "resolves itself" into a ratio of 2:1:1arrow_forward
- Which of the following is evidence that Mendel had that helped him to construct his Law of Segregation?A) His F2 generation in the dihybrid cross resulted in a 1:1:1:1 distribution of phenotypes.B) He found no linkage of different genes in the offspring of his pea plants.C) The F1 generation of the monohybrid cross resulted in blended phenotypes.D) The F2 generation of the monohybrid cross resulted in the recessive trait reappearing as a phhenotype.E) Two of the above are correct.arrow_forwardAre Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment even relevant today in the age of genomics, when it is possible to sequence an organism’s entire genome and determine all of its genetic information? Why is it important to study these principles, and how can they be used?arrow_forwardMendel’s experiments relied on VERY specific properties of pea plants in order to achieve the results. I) What were the properties of his pea plants that made them conducive to his experiments and ii) with what organism do you think we could recreate his experiments that is not a pea plant (what other model organism might work to study what Mendel did)?arrow_forward
- In Mendel’s 1866 publication as shown in Figure 1-4, he reports 705 purple-flowered (violet) offspring and 224 white-flowered offspring. The ratio he obtained is 3.15:1 for purple: white. How do you think he explained the fact that the ratio is not exactly 3:1?arrow_forwardMendelian genetics involves study of both ---------- traits and the influence enviromment on their expression. (A) Qualitative and quantitative (B)Only qualitative(C) Only quantitative(D) None of thesearrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?arrow_forward
- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?arrow_forwardWhich members of the pedigree could have been carriers, and which might have been the source of the mutation?arrow_forward
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