Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The condensed formulas need to be converted into the Lewis dot structures. The geometry and hybridization of the bold carbon atom in A and B needs to be determined. Whether hybridization changes during the reaction or not needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: The Lewis dot structure is used to explain the arrangement of all the atoms in the molecule and distribution of total number of valence electrons in the molecule. The distribution of electrons takes place in such a way that all the atoms have complete octet.
(b)
Interpretation: The condensed formulas need to be drawn as a bond line structures.
Concept Introduction: In the bond line formulas, the bonds between the atoms within the molecules are represented by straight lines.
(c)
Interpretation: The polar bonds need to be identified.
Concept Introduction: The bond between the two atoms is said to be polar if there is difference in the electronegativity in the two atoms. The more electronegative atom gets a partial negative charge and electropositive atom gets a partial positive charge.
(d)
Interpretation: The given reaction needs to be represented with the help of flow of electrons for the two steps.
Concept Introduction: The flow of electrons in any molecule takes place from negative to positive charge.
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Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
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