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(a)
Interpretation:Thepolarity in the covalent bond of
Concept Introduction:On the basis of bonding, all chemical compounds widely classified as ionic and covalent compounds. Ionic compounds are composed of cation and anion which are held together through electrostatic force of attraction.
Covalent compounds are composed by equal sharing of electrons between bonded atoms. They can be further classified as polar and non-polar covalent compounds. The non-polar compounds have same electronegativity of bonded atoms whereas polar covalent are composed of those bonded atoms which have significant difference in their electronegativity.
(b)
Interpretation:The polarity in the covalent bond of
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.
To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.
(c)
Interpretation:Thepolarity in the covalent bond for
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.
To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.
(d)
Interpretation:Thepolarity in the covalent bond for
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.
To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.
(e)
Interpretation:Thepolarity in the covalent bond for
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.
To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.
(f)
Interpretation:The polarity in the covalent bond for
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.
To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.
(g)
Interpretation:Thepolarity in the covalent bond for
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.
To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.
(h)
Interpretation:Thepolarity in the covalent bond for
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.
To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.
(i)
Interpretation:Thepolarity in the covalent bond for
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.
To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
- Using the symbols 8- and &+, indicate the direction of polarity, if any, in each covalent bond. (а) С—СІ (b) S-H (c) C-S (d) Р—Нarrow_forward1.88/ The curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions. Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken and formed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Add curved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use the curved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X is converted in Step [3] to phenol and HCI. H HÖ [1] + H-CI: + + :Cl: :OH HO [2] C: + H-i: [3] phenolarrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure of BH4- and use your Lewis structure to help fill in the missing numbers. Hint: you must put a number in each box. If the answer is zero, you must enter "0". The Lewis structure has: lone pairs = single bonds = double bonds = triple bonds = atoms with a positive formal charge = atoms with a negative formal charge = Is this structure stabilised by resonance? (Enter either yes or no below - no other words).arrow_forward
- Consider one resonance structure for the azide ion, N3-1 : What is the formal charge on each nitrogen atom in this resonance structure? Enter your answer as a number preceded by the appropriate charge (+ or -), if applicable. If the formal charge is zero, enter 0 . formal charge of left N [a] formal charge of middle N [b] formal charge of right N [c]arrow_forwardThe chemical structure of ethanol (CH, CH, OH) is shown below. Highlight each atom that is in a methyl group. H H H –C -C О — Н H H :0 :arrow_forwardCalculate the Enthalpy Change (ΔH) from average bond energies, which have been listed below in KJ/mol, for the following reaction and identify the nature of the reaction: CH3COOH + CH3OH → CH3COOCH3 + H2O [C‒H: 413; C‒C: 347; C=O: 745; C=C: 614; Cl‒Cl: 239, C‒O: 358; O‒H: 467]arrow_forward
- I need this solution, Calculate the Enthalpy Change (ΔH) from average bond energies, which have been listed below in KJ/mol, for the following reaction and identify the nature of the reaction: CH3COOH + CH3OH → CH3COOCH3 + H2O [C‒H: 413; C‒C: 347; C=O: 745; C=C: 614; Cl‒Cl: 239, C‒O: 358; O‒H: 467arrow_forwardhelp Be sure to answer all parts. Chloral, Cl3C―CH═O, reacts with water to form the sedative and hypnotic agent chloral hydrate, Cl3C―CH(OH)2. Draw Lewis structures for each of these substances. Draw them in decreasing molecular weight from left to right.arrow_forwardA 1.88/The curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions. Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken and formed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Add curved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use the curved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X is converted in Step [3] to phenol and HCI. H [1] + H-i: + :ÖH HO [2] + H-i: [3] phenolarrow_forward
- How many resonance structures can be drawn for the tellurate ion (TeO42-) in which the central tellurium atom bears a -1 formal charge and the oxygens bear formal charges of either zero or -1? Enter your answer as a whole number. Answer: Enter Value THAarrow_forward12- C=0-O: Assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's Lewis structure.arrow_forwardIs there an OH group present? Are there any C(sp2 )–H bonds? How about a carbon-carbon triple bond (alkyne) or a carbon-nitrogen triple bond (nitrile)? Is there a C=O?arrow_forward
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