Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 7, Problem 33RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The scientific investigations that indicate the relationship between alcoholism and a particular allele for D2 dopamine receptor.
Introduction:
Dopamine receptors are included in the G-protein-coupled receptor class and they are prominent in the central nervous system. The dopamine receptors activate various effectors by the signaling of different protein interactions. These are involved in many neurological processes such as memory, learning, cognition, motor control, and so on.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Chlorpromazine and Bromocriptine both have the affinity in the dopamine receptors of the Central Nervous System, Chlorpromazine is use to treat schizophrenia and psychosis whereas Bromocriptine is use to treat parkinson’s disease. Explain the action of these drugs in the dopamine receptor and why they have different effects and clinical use, knowing that they both act on the dopamine receptors.
Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are a group of neurotransmitters collectively called
monoamines. A lack of these monoamines has been linked to depression. Depression is treated with dru
that prolong the effect of these neurotransmitters either by preventing the re-uptake of the
neurotransmitters, or by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down these neurotransmitters.
Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters'are true? The table lists the classifications of
three antidepressants.
Antidepressant
Classification
fluoxetine
selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI)
phenelzine
monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor
amitriptyline
tricyclic antidepressant
Check all that apply.
View Available Hint(s)
MAO inhibitors are examples of monoamine antagonists.
EFluoxetine inhibits the enzyme that breaks down monoamines.
ODopamine plays a role in feelings of pleasure and pain.
DA deficiency of serotonin norepinephrine, and dopamine is associated with depression.
Some drug…
Why might drugs that work upon dopamine receptors might also work upon norepinephrine receptors, as well? What concept does this illustrate?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 7 - Draw a neuron, label its parts, and describe the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between sensory neurons, motor...Ch. 7 - Describe the structure of the neurilemma, and...Ch. 7 - Explain how myelin sheaths are formed in the CNS....Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by the blood-brain barrier....Ch. 7 - Define the terms depolarization and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 7 - Describe how gating of Na+andK+ in the axon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 7 - Describe the location of neurotransmitters within...Ch. 7 - Describe the sequence of events by which action...Ch. 7 - Explain how chemically regulated channels differ...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8CPCh. 7 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 10CPCh. 7 - Prob. 11CPCh. 7 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 14aCPCh. 7 - Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and...Ch. 7 - Give examples of endogenous opioid polypeptides,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 16CPCh. 7 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17cCPCh. 7 - Prob. 1RACh. 7 - Prob. 2RACh. 7 - Prob. 3RACh. 7 - Prob. 4RACh. 7 - Repolarization of an axon during an action...Ch. 7 - As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7RACh. 7 - Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RACh. 7 - Prob. 10RACh. 7 - Prob. 11RACh. 7 - Prob. 12RACh. 7 - Prob. 13RACh. 7 - Prob. 14RACh. 7 - Prob. 15RACh. 7 - Prob. 16RACh. 7 - Prob. 17RACh. 7 - Which of these may be produced by the action of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RACh. 7 - In a step-by-step manner, explain how the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21RACh. 7 - Prob. 22RACh. 7 - Prob. 23RACh. 7 - Prob. 24RACh. 7 - Once an EPSP is produced in a dendrite, how does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26RACh. 7 - List the endogenous opioids in the brain and...Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by long-term potentiation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29RACh. 7 - Prob. 30RACh. 7 - Prob. 31RACh. 7 - Prob. 32RACh. 7 - Prob. 33RACh. 7 - Explain the nature of the endocannabinoids....Ch. 7 - Prob. 35RACh. 7 - Prob. 36RACh. 7 - Prob. 37RACh. 7 - Prob. 38RACh. 7 - Prob. 39RACh. 7 - Use the figure below (from figure 7.34) to answer...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs that can alleviate symptoms of depression by blocking the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing the amount of time that 5-HT remains active. Elevated levels of 5-HT within the synapse are associated with feelings of well-being; conversely, low levels of 5-HT are correlated with depressive symptoms. Recent studies have shown that SSRIs can also mediate their antidepressant effects by increasing brain levels of certain cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFNY). IFNY directly induces the expression of the protein p11 in neighboring neurons, which then interacts with 5-HTR4, a 5-HT transmembrane receptor. Figures 1 and 2 provide information about this interaction. 5-HTR4 protein (% of WT) expression CAMP levels (% change control) from 120T 100+ 80+ 60+ 40+ 20+ 0 MEM TOT Figure 1 5-HTR4 protein expression in plasma membrane-enriched fraction (MEM) of hippocampal lysate and in total hippocampal…arrow_forwardIn a cell line derived from normal rat thyroid, stimulation of the alpha1-adrenergic receptor increases both IP3 formation and release of arachidonic acid (AA). IP3 elevates cytosolic Ca, which mediates thyroxine efflux, whereas AA serves as a source of prostaglandin E2, which stimulates DNA synthesis. It is not clear how AA release is connected to the adrenergic receptor. AA could arise by cleavage from the DAG that accompanies IP3 production. Alternatively, AA could arise through an independent effect of the receptor on PLA2, which can directly release AA from intact phosphoglycerides. Consider the following experimental observations: a) Addition of noradrenaline to cell cultures stimulates production of both IP3 and AA. b) If the alpha1-adrenergic receptors are made unresponsive to noradrenaline by treatment with phorbol esters (which act through PKC to cause phosphorylation, and inactivation, of the receptor), addition of noradrenaline causes no increase in IP3 or AA. c) When…arrow_forwardBuprenorphine is a partial agonist at mu opioid receptors and is used for opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). Buprenorphine is formulated in a product that contains the mu opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone. What is the purpose of naloxone in this formulation? O To increase the magnitude of response to the partial agonist. O To reduce the likelihood that buprenorphine will be injected intravenously. O To delay the response to buprenorphine. O To provide pain relief to the patient who has OUD.arrow_forward
- Epilepsy is often treated with a combination of drugs such as carbamazepine and phenytoin (polytherapy). CYP3A4 is induced by phenytoin and carbamazepine. Carbamzeipine is cleared by CYP3A4, but phenytoin is not cleared by CYP3A4. What problems might you expect if (a) carbamazepine is removed or (b) phenytoin is removed from this two-drug regimen.arrow_forwardAducanumab is a human antibody treatment strategy currently undergoing phase III clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease. This acts by: (choose all that apply) increasing cholinergic stimulation selectively inhibiting serotonin stimulating dopamine receptors reducing the production of Aβ plaques promoting neurogenesis reducing neurofibrillary tanglesarrow_forwardThe possible role of glutamatergic pathways in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been highlighted in recent years. Specifically, there has been talk of possible glutamatergic hyperfunction. How would this hyperfunction affect the dopaminergic pathways?arrow_forward
- What is the similarity between the long form of the dopamine type 4 receptor and the more active form of the COMT enzyme?arrow_forwardWe talked about drug effects on neurons in sequence. The effect of alcohol is multi-faceted and the following question asks you to apply your knowledge. Imagine two neurons in sequence. The presynaptic neuron is GABAnergic and the postsynaptic neuron is dopaminergic. The effects of alcohol are not fully understood but it does seem to inhibit GABAnergic neurons. How would the release of dopamine from the postsynaptic neuron change in this case? Explain your answer, being sure to make each connection between concepts clear. If alcohol instead inhibited dopaminernergic neurons, in what way might the ion flow change in the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron of this example?arrow_forwardHow can 5-HT2a activation be linked to dream-like experiences and hallucinations, but serotonin is low during REM sleep? Is it that although serotonin is low, of what is activated is the 5-HT2a receptor?arrow_forward
- In schizophrenia, the neurons affected by dopamine are overstimulated. This condition is treated with drugs like chlorpromazine (Thorazine), which bind to the affected receptors and inhibit the dopamine signal. Does chlorpromazineact as an agonist or antagonist?arrow_forwardWhich of the following are not considered current treatments for Parkinson's Disease? Dopamine Agonists Stem Cell Treatment Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAOB) Inhibitors Levodopa (L-DOPA) O Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)arrow_forwardSelect All statements that are TRUE regarding the effects of administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a neurotransmitter A. Temporarily compensate for neuron cell death by increased release of the neurotransmitter (ex. L-dopa used as treatment for Parkinson’s disease) B. Increase the rate of synthesis of that neurotransmitter C. Block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal D. Immediately alter then number of postsynaptic receptors E. Act as an indirect antagonist by activating autoreceptorsarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Nervous System - Get to know our nervous system a bit closer, how does it works? | Neurology; Author: FreeMedEducation;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O-0CVAgaEM;License: Standard youtube license