Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 7, Problem 15RA
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The nature of summation of Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential (EPSP).
Introduction:
The transmission of the nerve impulse has a mixture of inhibitory and excitatory responses that are produced by different neurotransmitters. The neurons have synapses with other neurons throughout the body and these could be additive by a process called summation. Summation is both spatial (inputs are from 2 or more neurons) or temporal (restricted to one neuron, but subjected to multiple stimuli at different times).
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Match the description with the statement that best describes the following neural circuits.
a single post-synaptic neuron receives input from multiple pre-
synaptic neurons
causes the stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron continually
similar to a positive feedback response
A. diverging circuits
B. converging circuits
C. reverberating circuits
causes a longer lasting stimulus of the post-synaptic neuron
D. parallel after discharge circuits
a single pre-synaptic neuron synapses with multiple post-synaptic
neurons
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A39
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A synapse with all of these; a postsynaptic dendrite, an astrocyte end foot, and the presynaptic terminal button/bouton is called.....
A. synaptic convergence
B. engulfment synapse
C. tripartite synapse
D. receptor confluence synapse
E. astrocytic engulfment
Which of the following is an unlikely consequence of consistent or persistent synaptic firing in the CNS?
a. Neural pruning
b. Synaptic stabilization
c. Long term potentiation
d. Synaptic fatigue
e. None of the above
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 7 - Draw a neuron, label its parts, and describe the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between sensory neurons, motor...Ch. 7 - Describe the structure of the neurilemma, and...Ch. 7 - Explain how myelin sheaths are formed in the CNS....Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by the blood-brain barrier....Ch. 7 - Define the terms depolarization and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 7 - Describe how gating of Na+andK+ in the axon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 7 - Describe the location of neurotransmitters within...Ch. 7 - Describe the sequence of events by which action...Ch. 7 - Explain how chemically regulated channels differ...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8CPCh. 7 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 10CPCh. 7 - Prob. 11CPCh. 7 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 14aCPCh. 7 - Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and...Ch. 7 - Give examples of endogenous opioid polypeptides,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 16CPCh. 7 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17cCPCh. 7 - Prob. 1RACh. 7 - Prob. 2RACh. 7 - Prob. 3RACh. 7 - Prob. 4RACh. 7 - Repolarization of an axon during an action...Ch. 7 - As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7RACh. 7 - Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RACh. 7 - Prob. 10RACh. 7 - Prob. 11RACh. 7 - Prob. 12RACh. 7 - Prob. 13RACh. 7 - Prob. 14RACh. 7 - Prob. 15RACh. 7 - Prob. 16RACh. 7 - Prob. 17RACh. 7 - Which of these may be produced by the action of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RACh. 7 - In a step-by-step manner, explain how the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21RACh. 7 - Prob. 22RACh. 7 - Prob. 23RACh. 7 - Prob. 24RACh. 7 - Once an EPSP is produced in a dendrite, how does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26RACh. 7 - List the endogenous opioids in the brain and...Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by long-term potentiation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29RACh. 7 - Prob. 30RACh. 7 - Prob. 31RACh. 7 - Prob. 32RACh. 7 - Prob. 33RACh. 7 - Explain the nature of the endocannabinoids....Ch. 7 - Prob. 35RACh. 7 - Prob. 36RACh. 7 - Prob. 37RACh. 7 - Prob. 38RACh. 7 - Prob. 39RACh. 7 - Use the figure below (from figure 7.34) to answer...
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- During saltatory conduction, action potentials are generated: a. along the entire length of the unmyelinated axon. b. regardless if threshold is reached. c. when the entire axolemma is depolarized. d. only at nodes of Ranvier of myelinated axons.arrow_forwardIf two action potentials from two different presynaptic nerve cells reach the target cell at the same time ... Group of answer options ... temporal summation occurs. ... spatial summation takes place. . .. an IPSP is formed. ... an EPSP is formed.arrow_forwardWhat statement about synapse activity is false? A.The input of sodium ions by AMPA receptors is triggered by glutamate binding to the same receptors.B.Calcium entering the dendritic spine during synaptic transmission activates proteins that can potentiate synapse.C.Depolarization of the membrane caused by the arrival of calcium ions makes it possible to eject sodium blocking NMDA receptors.D.Glutamate can be released by the pre-synaptic button following the arrival of an action potential via the axon.arrow_forward
- If a post synaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that Select one: a. the post synaptic cell has many voltage gated ion channels b. the post synaptic cell has a lower than normal threshold c. the post synaptic cell is slow to repolarize d. the post synaptic cell is synapsing with multiple presynaptic neuronsarrow_forwardIn which of these ways does a metabotropic synapse differ from an ionotropic synapse? a. Its effects are slower to start and last longer. b. Its effects are faster to start and last longer. c. Its effects are slower to start and briefer in duration. d. Its effects are faster to start and briefer in duration.arrow_forwardThe two primary factors that influence the speed of an action potential propagation are axon diameter and a. myelination. b. the type of associated glial cell(s). c. concentration of K+ in the cell. d. the length of the axon.arrow_forward
- . Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles located in specialized portions of thea. neuron cell body. c. dendrite.b. axon. d. postsynaptic membrane.arrow_forwardIf two action potentials come very close to each other in one and the same presynaptic terminal ... Group of answer options ... temporal summation occurs. ... the second action potential beats out the first. ... an IPSP is formed. ... spatial summation takes place.arrow_forwardIdentify the following as properties of electrical synapses (ES), chemical synapses (CS), or both (B). a. _____ The plasma membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are joined by gap junctions. b. _____ Transmission is unidirectional and delayed. c. _____ A presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron are involved. d. _____ The use of neurotransmitters packaged into synaptic vesicles is required. e. _____ Transmission is nearly instantaneous and bidirectionarrow_forward
- which one of the following statements is incorrect? a. temporal summation occurs when a single synaptic input is activated twice in succession, with the second postsynaptic potential occurring before the first postsynaptic potential is over. b. blocking voltage-gated k* channels in the presynaptic membrane of a typical chemical synapse is likely to reduce the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to a single action potential in the presynaptic axon. c. in the optic tectum of the hunting rattlesnake, spatial summation is used to combine inputs from visual and thermoreceptive layers in order to make a decision whether to strike at a mouse-like object. d. a single type of neurotransmitter can have different postsynaptic actions depending on the type of receptor to which it binds.arrow_forwardPost synaptic neurons membrane potentials are less negative than resting membrane potentials when this occur A. Creates a new set point for the resting membrane potential B. Has a lower propensity to produce an action potential C. Reacts by generating action potential D. Higher chance of reaching the potential thresholdarrow_forwardIf a post synaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that Select one: a. the post synaptic cell has many voltage gated ion channels b. the post synaptic cell has a lower than normal threshold OC. the post synaptic cell is slow to repolarize d. the post synaptic cell is synapsing with multiple presynaptic neuronsarrow_forward
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