Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Question
Chapter 7, Problem 23RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
Structure of nicotinic receptors and production of EPSP by interaction of ACh with nicotinic receptors.
Introduction:
Acetylcholine (ACh) is an important neurotransmitter that binds to receptors that are ligand gated like nicotinic receptors. Nicotinic receptors are located in specific regions of the brain, autonomic ganglia and skeletal muscle fibers. The binding of the neurotransmitter allows opening of the Na+ (sodium) and K+ (potassium) channels and creates an excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP).
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 7 - Draw a neuron, label its parts, and describe the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between sensory neurons, motor...Ch. 7 - Describe the structure of the neurilemma, and...Ch. 7 - Explain how myelin sheaths are formed in the CNS....Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by the blood-brain barrier....Ch. 7 - Define the terms depolarization and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 7 - Describe how gating of Na+andK+ in the axon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 7 - Describe the location of neurotransmitters within...Ch. 7 - Describe the sequence of events by which action...Ch. 7 - Explain how chemically regulated channels differ...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8CPCh. 7 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 10CPCh. 7 - Prob. 11CPCh. 7 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 14aCPCh. 7 - Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and...Ch. 7 - Give examples of endogenous opioid polypeptides,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 16CPCh. 7 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17cCPCh. 7 - Prob. 1RACh. 7 - Prob. 2RACh. 7 - Prob. 3RACh. 7 - Prob. 4RACh. 7 - Repolarization of an axon during an action...Ch. 7 - As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7RACh. 7 - Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RACh. 7 - Prob. 10RACh. 7 - Prob. 11RACh. 7 - Prob. 12RACh. 7 - Prob. 13RACh. 7 - Prob. 14RACh. 7 - Prob. 15RACh. 7 - Prob. 16RACh. 7 - Prob. 17RACh. 7 - Which of these may be produced by the action of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RACh. 7 - In a step-by-step manner, explain how the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21RACh. 7 - Prob. 22RACh. 7 - Prob. 23RACh. 7 - Prob. 24RACh. 7 - Once an EPSP is produced in a dendrite, how does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26RACh. 7 - List the endogenous opioids in the brain and...Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by long-term potentiation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29RACh. 7 - Prob. 30RACh. 7 - Prob. 31RACh. 7 - Prob. 32RACh. 7 - Prob. 33RACh. 7 - Explain the nature of the endocannabinoids....Ch. 7 - Prob. 35RACh. 7 - Prob. 36RACh. 7 - Prob. 37RACh. 7 - Prob. 38RACh. 7 - Prob. 39RACh. 7 - Use the figure below (from figure 7.34) to answer...
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Similar questions
- Give an account of signalling at a neuromuscular junction through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.arrow_forwardNicotinic acetylcholine receptors allow both sodium and potassium to flow across the cell membrane when the receptors are activated. Which statement is true about the flow of ions through nicotinic receptors? Potassium only flows through an open nicotinic receptor only when there is no sodium present. More sodium ions pass through an open nicotinic receptor than pass potassium ions. An equal number of sodium and potassium ions pass through an open nicotinic receptor. O More potassium ions pass through an open nicotinic receptor than pass sodium ions.arrow_forwardList the effects of sympathoadrenal stimulation on different effector organs. In each case, indicate whether the effect is due to alpha- or beta-receptor stimulation.arrow_forward
- What is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor? Where is it expressed?arrow_forwardThe neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released from presynaptic neurons in response to a nerve impulse and diffuses across the È synaptic cleft, or neuromuscular junction, to a receptor on another neuron or a muscle cell. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a pentamer containing four types of subunits, azßys. Place the events in the correct order, from the release of acetylcholine from a neuron to receptor resensitization: -excited presynaptic neuron releases acetylcholine -acetylcholine diffuses across synaptic cleft or neuromuscular junction -acetylcholine is released from the binding sites -two acetylcholine bind to a receptor; the gate opens -small cations pass through the open pore of the receptor -the plasma membrane of the target cell is depolarized -two acetylcholine are tightly bound to a receptor; the gate is closed -one acetylcholine binds to a receptor; the gate is closed.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best explains the effect of release of neurotransmitter at a parasympathetic ganglion. Release of noradrenaline at a parasympathetic ganglion causes nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in the post-ganglionic neuron. Release of acetylcholine at a parasympathetic ganglion causes nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in the post-ganglionic neuron. Release of acetylcholine at a parasympathetic ganglion causes muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation in the post-ganglionic neuron. Release of neurotransmitter at a parasympathetic ganglion leads to decreased generation and release of the NANC transmitter, nitric oxide.arrow_forward
- Tabulate the differences between temporal and spatial summation of EPSP.arrow_forwardA patient has been bitten by a snake. The snake venom contains a toxin that specifically targets nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Immediately after the venom enters the bloodstream the patient begins suffering from paralysis at their extremities. Question: which of the following statements best describes what is happening and why? O The snake venom competitively inhibits nAChRs, preventing acetylcholine from opening an ion channel that depolarizes the postsynaptic cell. O The toxin activates metabotropic receptors. G-proteins then activate CAMP that, in turn, acts upon second messenger pathways. O The toxin acts via presynaptic inhibition to prevent acetylcholine from entering the synaptic cleft. O All of the above.arrow_forwardExplain how the same neurotransmitters can have different functionsMechanism of action depends on receptor e.g. nicotinic vs muscarinic receptors of acetylcholine, Gabaarrow_forward
- Epilepsy is the disesae. Which areas of the brain are affected by epilpesy? What type of neurotransmitters are altered in this epilepsy? Provide neurophysiological evidence. Please talk about voltage gated K+, Na+, Ca++ and ligand channels. Tell if any of them are affected. if affected what is the consequence?Which ion channels are affected?arrow_forwardWhat are the affinities of acetylcholine and nicotine for the nAChR? Are they nM? uM? How does the typical concentration of nicotine in the blood and/or brain compare to its affinity?arrow_forwardWhich of the following muscarinic receptors would cause hyperpolarization when activated? Muscarinic receptor of sweat glands Muscarinic receptor of the heart Muscarinic receptor of airway smooth muscle O Muscarinic receptor of adrenal glandsarrow_forward
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