Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 7, Problem 14RA
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Properties of catecholamines.
Introduction:
Catecholamines are a family of neurotransmitters made of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. They are derived from amino acid tryptophan and have a catechol ring. They function as both neurotransmitters and hormones. They have two self-inactivation mechanisms, one of which is enzymatic and stimulates production of second messengers.
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are sometimes used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. What is their mechanism of action?
a.
They inhibit the breakdown of dopamine.
b.
They inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by glia.
c.
They inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by neurons.
d.
They inhibit the synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine.
e.
They inhibit the synthesis of dopamine.
Select All statements that are TRUE regarding the effects of administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a neurotransmitter
A. Temporarily compensate for neuron cell death by increased release of the neurotransmitter (ex. L-dopa used as treatment for Parkinson’s disease)
B. Increase the rate of synthesis of that neurotransmitter
C. Block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal
D. Immediately alter then number of postsynaptic receptors
E. Act as an indirect antagonist by activating autoreceptors
Select ALL statements that are TRUE regarding a drug that would inactivate the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
A. Prevent acetylcholine from being loaded into synaptic vesicles
B. Prolong the effects of acetylcholine in the synapse
C. Terminate the effects of acetylcholine in the synapse
D. Speed up the synthesis of acetylcholine
E. Reduce the reuptake of choline back into the axon terminal
Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 7 - Draw a neuron, label its parts, and describe the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between sensory neurons, motor...Ch. 7 - Describe the structure of the neurilemma, and...Ch. 7 - Explain how myelin sheaths are formed in the CNS....Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by the blood-brain barrier....Ch. 7 - Define the terms depolarization and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 7 - Describe how gating of Na+andK+ in the axon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 7 - Describe the location of neurotransmitters within...Ch. 7 - Describe the sequence of events by which action...Ch. 7 - Explain how chemically regulated channels differ...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8CPCh. 7 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 10CPCh. 7 - Prob. 11CPCh. 7 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 14aCPCh. 7 - Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and...Ch. 7 - Give examples of endogenous opioid polypeptides,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 16CPCh. 7 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17cCPCh. 7 - Prob. 1RACh. 7 - Prob. 2RACh. 7 - Prob. 3RACh. 7 - Prob. 4RACh. 7 - Repolarization of an axon during an action...Ch. 7 - As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7RACh. 7 - Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RACh. 7 - Prob. 10RACh. 7 - Prob. 11RACh. 7 - Prob. 12RACh. 7 - Prob. 13RACh. 7 - Prob. 14RACh. 7 - Prob. 15RACh. 7 - Prob. 16RACh. 7 - Prob. 17RACh. 7 - Which of these may be produced by the action of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RACh. 7 - In a step-by-step manner, explain how the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21RACh. 7 - Prob. 22RACh. 7 - Prob. 23RACh. 7 - Prob. 24RACh. 7 - Once an EPSP is produced in a dendrite, how does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26RACh. 7 - List the endogenous opioids in the brain and...Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by long-term potentiation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29RACh. 7 - Prob. 30RACh. 7 - Prob. 31RACh. 7 - Prob. 32RACh. 7 - Prob. 33RACh. 7 - Explain the nature of the endocannabinoids....Ch. 7 - Prob. 35RACh. 7 - Prob. 36RACh. 7 - Prob. 37RACh. 7 - Prob. 38RACh. 7 - Prob. 39RACh. 7 - Use the figure below (from figure 7.34) to answer...
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- a large increase in norepinephrine following a sudden frightening experience would be release from .A. neurotransmitter effector site B. Post ganglionic axon C.stimulation of the adrenal acetylcholine from preganlionic neuron D.Large storage of acetylechloine at the neuronal bodyarrow_forwardCocaine addiction occurs whena. cocaine binds to dopamine transporter proteins on the presynaptic membrane.b. the numbers of postsynaptic dopamine receptors are reduced in limbic system nerve cells. c. neurotransmitter levels rise in lymbic system synapses.d. dopamine transporters become disabled.arrow_forwardEpinephrine binds to both β-adrenergic and α-adrenergic receptors. Describe the opposite actions on the effector protein, adenylyl cyclase, elicited by the binding of epinephrine to these two types of receptors. Describe the effect of adding an agonist or antagonist to a β-adrenergic receptor on the activity of adenylyl cyclase.arrow_forward
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- Which of these may be produced by the action of nitric oxide? a. Dilation of blood vessels b. Erection of the penis c. Relaxation of smooth muscles in the digestive tract d. Long-term potentiation (LTP) among neighboring synapses in the brain e.All of thesearrow_forwardAll of the following are neurotransmitters except a. glutamate b. glycine c. H2S d. GSHarrow_forwardA patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following symptoms would you predict: blurring of vision, excess tear formation, frequent or involuntary urination, pallor (pale skin), muscle twitching, orcramps? Would atropine be an effective drug to treat the symptoms?(See Clinical Impact 16.2 for the action of atropine.) Explain.arrow_forward
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