Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 7, Problem 29RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
Factors that promote and inhibit cerebral neuron regeneration along with components of peripheral nerve taking part in regeneration.
Introduction:
Regeneration of peripheral neurons by grafting onto central neurons, especially from the proximal end is possible if it is done before tissue death takes place. Neural regeneration or neuroregeneration is described as regrowth or repairing of nerve tissue through production of new neurons and other components of a nerve cell.
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Schwann cells are a type of glial cell found in the nervous system. In addition to the conduction of nerve impulses, the outermost layer called neurilemma aids in nerve development and regeneration.
Which of the following explains why the neurons in the brain cannot repair damage like the neurons in your hands or feet can?
a.
Neurons in the central nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells.
b.
Neurons in the peripheral nervous system are surrounded by grey matter.
c.
Axons of the peripheral nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells.
d.
Neurons in the central nervous system are surrounded by white matter.
Which statement regarding neurotransmission through myelinated and unmyelinated neurons is true?
a.) Neurotransmissin takes place in myelinated neurons but not unmyelinated neurons.
b.) Neurotransmission is generally faster in myelinated neurons than in unmyelinated neurons.
c.) Neurotransmisson is generally faster in unmyelinated neurons than in myelinated neurons.
d.) Neurotransmission takes place in unmyelinated neurons but not in myelinated neurons.
Small
intestine
(or other
visceral
organ)
CNS
(spinal cord)
Skeletal muscle
Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
11) Myelin sheath.
11)
12) Cell body of ANS preganglionic neuron.
12) -
13) Cell body of ANS postganglionic neuron.
13)
14
14) Cell body of the somatic neuron.
TIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the qu
15) Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?
A) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine ca
permeability
B) support and brace neurons
C) anchor neurons to blood vessels
Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 7 - Draw a neuron, label its parts, and describe the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between sensory neurons, motor...Ch. 7 - Describe the structure of the neurilemma, and...Ch. 7 - Explain how myelin sheaths are formed in the CNS....Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by the blood-brain barrier....Ch. 7 - Define the terms depolarization and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 7 - Describe how gating of Na+andK+ in the axon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 7 - Describe the location of neurotransmitters within...Ch. 7 - Describe the sequence of events by which action...Ch. 7 - Explain how chemically regulated channels differ...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8CPCh. 7 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 10CPCh. 7 - Prob. 11CPCh. 7 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 14aCPCh. 7 - Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and...Ch. 7 - Give examples of endogenous opioid polypeptides,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 16CPCh. 7 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17cCPCh. 7 - Prob. 1RACh. 7 - Prob. 2RACh. 7 - Prob. 3RACh. 7 - Prob. 4RACh. 7 - Repolarization of an axon during an action...Ch. 7 - As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7RACh. 7 - Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RACh. 7 - Prob. 10RACh. 7 - Prob. 11RACh. 7 - Prob. 12RACh. 7 - Prob. 13RACh. 7 - Prob. 14RACh. 7 - Prob. 15RACh. 7 - Prob. 16RACh. 7 - Prob. 17RACh. 7 - Which of these may be produced by the action of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RACh. 7 - In a step-by-step manner, explain how the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21RACh. 7 - Prob. 22RACh. 7 - Prob. 23RACh. 7 - Prob. 24RACh. 7 - Once an EPSP is produced in a dendrite, how does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26RACh. 7 - List the endogenous opioids in the brain and...Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by long-term potentiation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29RACh. 7 - Prob. 30RACh. 7 - Prob. 31RACh. 7 - Prob. 32RACh. 7 - Prob. 33RACh. 7 - Explain the nature of the endocannabinoids....Ch. 7 - Prob. 35RACh. 7 - Prob. 36RACh. 7 - Prob. 37RACh. 7 - Prob. 38RACh. 7 - Prob. 39RACh. 7 - Use the figure below (from figure 7.34) to answer...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A new drug is developed that prevents the demyelination occurring in the progress of multiple sclerosis. The drug protects the cells responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of myelin in the central nervous system. These cells are most likely which of the following? (A) Astrocyte (B) Ependymal cell (C) Microglial cell Oligodendrocyte (E) Schwann cellarrow_forwardAssume that two nerve fibers have the same diameter, but one ismyelinated and the other is unmyelinated. The conduction of anaction potential is most energy-efficient along which type of fiber?(Hint: Think about the required ATP.)arrow_forwardName the three connective tissue sheaths that surround a peripheral nerve. Which of these coverings enable regrowth of a damaged axon in the periphery?arrow_forward
- Local anesthetic is often used in dentistry to lessen the sensation of pain during dental procedures. It prevents propagation of nerve conduction by decreasing the flow of ions. a. Describe how depolarization of an action potential can be blocked by the use of local anesthetic. b. Your classmate explained that once the threshold potential has been reached, the inside charge of the neuron is more positive than the outside charge. Is she correct? Can you compare the inside charge to the outside charge in an axon treated with local anesthetic?arrow_forwardConsider three alpha-motor neurons of different sizes: small, medium and large. All three neurons receive input from the same excitatory interneuron. When the interneuron fires action potentials at low frequency, only one alpha motor neuron fires action potentials. As the action potential frequency of the interneuron increases, two alpha-motor neurons are recruited, and at maximum frequency, all three are recruited. In what order would the three alpha-motor neurons have been recruited? Large first, then medium, then small. Small first, then medium, then large. Medium first, then small, then large. Medium first, then large, then small.arrow_forwardA laboratory experiment is set up where you have two fully functional nerves properly aligned so that it potentially can transmit an action potential through a synapse to the second nerve. The buffer outside the cells contain Na+, H+ and Cl- as the only inorganic ions. When you stimulate the nerve, surprisingly the second nerve does not respond. What is the most likely explanation for the failure of the second nerve response? State why you chose your answer. a. The lack of K+ in the buffer prevents propagation of the action potential b. Neurotransmitter is not being released into the synaptic space. c. An action potential can only be initiated by opening a ligand-gated channel. d. Although neurotransmitter is released, it is unable to stimulate opening of the second nerve' ligand-gated channel. e. Repolarization of the axon does not occur in this buffer.arrow_forward
- Read the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and negatively charged proteins. (b) The activity of Na* - K* pump is responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential. (c) The resting membrane is impermeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. Choose the option representing correct statements. b only a and b b and c a, b and carrow_forwardIdentify and label the following structures on the neuron model figure below: cell body, dendrites, neuron nucleus, neurolemma, axon hillock, nucleus of Schwann cell, Nissl bodies, myelin sheath, axon, node of Ranvier, axon terminals (of neurons synapsing with model neuron), endoneurium (refer to Figure 10.6). 3) 11arrow_forwarda) Describe the behavior of an unaffected neuron sitting at its membrane resting potentialstimulated by a suprathreshold stimulus.b) Now, add the effects of the consumption of the Fugu toxin and stimulate that neuron with a supra-threshold stimulus.- Describe (and/or diagram) the effect on the membrane potential by supra-thresholdstimulation under this condition.c. Using any ONE (1) of the following three (3) means we have used to interpret the resultingmembrane potential for a neuron, describe the effect of the Fugu toxin on a neuron:i) Goldman’s equationii) “Driving” toward Ex of most permeable ioniii) Movement/flow of charge + chargesarrow_forward
- sometimes the terms neuron and nerve are mistakenly used interchangeably. explain the difference between the two structures.arrow_forwardYou and your lab partner have prepared a frog nerve for gathering data on action potentials. You connect an electronic stimulator to the nerve and ask your partner to gradually increase the voltage until you see an action potential. Your partner says that the voltage knob is stuck and will not increase the voltage. To finally get an action potential, they begin to trouble shoot and instead of increasing the voltage, they begin to simulate the nerve over and over again and see an action potential. What type of summation is this describing? action potentials graded potentials spatial summation temporal summation O thresholdarrow_forward1) Which of the following accurately describes the direction of an impulse moving through a neuron that carries information to the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?a. A sensory (afferent) neuron, impulse moving distally.b. A motor (efferent) neuron, impulse moving proximally.c. A motor (efferent neuron, impulse moving distally.d. A sensory (afferent) neuron, impulse moving proximally. 2) The central nervous system (CNS) is composed ofa. spinal nerves.b. sense receptors.c. the brain and spinal cord.d. nerves of the internal organs.arrow_forward
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