The products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 ° C should be written. Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism. Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 3, Problem 21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ratios of the products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The bond enthalpies involved in propagation steps of chlorination of 3-methylpentane should be calculated.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The formula to calculate ΔH° from bond dissociation of reactants and products is as follows:

ΔH°=Sum of DH° of bonds broken−Sum of DH° of bonds formed

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ratios of the products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The bond enthalpies involved in propagation steps of chlorination of 3-methylpentane should be calculated.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The formula to calculate ΔH° from bond dissociation of reactants and products is as follows:

ΔH°=Sum of DH° of bonds broken−Sum of DH° of bonds formed

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ratios of the products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The bond enthalpies involved in propagation steps of chlorination of 3-methylpentane should be calculated.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The formula to calculate ΔH° from bond dissociation of reactants and products is as follows:

ΔH°=Sum of DH° of bonds broken−Sum of DH° of bonds formed

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ratios of the products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The bond enthalpies involved in propagation steps of chlorination of 3-methylpentane should be calculated.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The formula to calculate ΔH° from bond dissociation of reactants and products is as follows:

ΔH°=Sum of DH° of bonds broken−Sum of DH° of bonds formed

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ratios of the products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The bond enthalpies involved in propagation steps of chlorination of 3-methylpentane should be calculated.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The formula to calculate ΔH° from bond dissociation of reactants and products is as follows:

ΔH°=Sum of DH° of bonds broken−Sum of DH° of bonds formed

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ratios of the products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ratios of the products obtained after monochlorination of pentane and 3-methylpentane at 25 °C should be written.

Concept introduction: The monobromination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.

Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary those, in turn, are faster to react than primary. This can be attributed to the stability of radicals formed upon C – H bond cleavage via hyperconjugation.

The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to the donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be the number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The bond enthalpies involved in propagation steps of chlorination of 3-methylpentane should be calculated.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The formula to calculate ΔH° from bond dissociation of reactants and products is as follows:

ΔH°=Sum of DH° of bonds broken−Sum of DH° of bonds formed

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The bond enthalpies involved in propagation steps of chlorination of 3-methylpentane should be calculated.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The formula to calculate ΔH° from bond dissociation of reactants and products is as follows:

ΔH°=Sum of DH° of bonds broken−Sum of DH° of bonds formed

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.2TIY Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.3E Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.5TIY Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.6E Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7E Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.9TIY Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.11TIY Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 3.12E Ch. 3 - Prob. 15P Ch. 3 - Prob. 16P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the products obtained after monochlorination of pentane are written. Tertiary C – H bonds react in halogenations more readily than secondary.

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