Chapter 8, Problem 10CTQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Each carbocation in below figure should be labelled as $1^{\text{o}}$ , $2^{\text{o}}$ , $3^{\text{o}}$ , allylic and benzylic and $0^{\text{o}}$ carbocation.

  

Concept introduction: Organic compounds are covalent in nature that undergoes a reaction by heterolytic cleavage or homolytic cleavage.

In heterolytic cleavage, shared pair of electrons is taken away by one of the atoms which result in charged species. In homolytic cleavage, shared pair of electrons is equally distributed between two atoms that results in free radicals.

Carbocation is a general term employed for a postively charged carbon irrespective of valency of carbon. In carbocation, carbon is bonded to 3 atoms or groups and has only sextet of electrons so it behaves as an electron-deficient species. It is $s{p}^2$ hybridized with a vacant $p$ orbital and has a planar geometry.