Concept explainers
Interpretation: Order of stability within allylic or benzylic carbocation boxed in below figure has to be explained.
Concept introduction: Organic compounds are covalent in nature that undergoes a reaction by heterolytic cleavage or homolytic cleavage.
In heterolytic cleavage, shared pair of electrons is taken away by one of the atoms which result in charged species. In homolytic cleavage, shared pair of electrons are equally distributed between two atom that results in free radicals.
Carbocation is a general term employed for a postively charged carbon irrespective of valency of carbon. In carbocation, carbon is bonded to 3 atoms or groups and has only sextet of electrons so it behaves as an electron-deficient species. It is
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Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- Provide the missing starting material, reactant or product. Show appropriate stereochemistry. a) b)arrow_forwardRank the following from most to least reactive in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS).arrow_forwardCan you explain how an alkene bonds to a metal like in this compound using some orbital diagrams?arrow_forward
- Resveratrol is an antioxidant found in the skin of red grapes. Its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and various cardiovascular effects are under active investigation. (a) Draw all resonance structures for the radical that results from homolysis of the OH bond shown in red. (b) Explain why homolysis of this OH bond is preferred to homolysis of either OH bond in the other benzene ring.arrow_forwardRank the following radicals in order of increasing stability.arrow_forwardWhich alkene in each pair has the larger heat of hydrogenation? See in attachment ?arrow_forward
- Consider the tetracyclic compound with rings labeled A–D. (a) Which ring is the most reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution? (b) Which ring is the least reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution?arrow_forward1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia. (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile? (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?arrow_forward(a) Which of the following has lone pair on O atom that is part of aromaticity? (b) Which lacks complete cyclic conjugation? (c) Which does not follow the Huckel rule?arrow_forward
- provide the major profucts ( wrote "no reaxtion "if you think so) for the following reactions with correct stereochemistry. Please explain step by step with explanationarrow_forwarda) Draw the arrow-pushing mechanism for the reaction of hydronium with ethanol. Include all lone pairs and non-zero formal charges. b) Draw the arrow-pushing mechanism for the reaction of NaNH₂ with chloroform. Include all lone pairs and non-zero formal charges. c) Draw the arrow-pushing mechanism for the reaction of sodium hydroxide with phenol. Include all lone pairs and non-zero formal charges. d) Are any of the above reactions reversible? Do any of them go to completion? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardPlace the following cyclic compounds in order from highest to lowest stability. For the lower stability compounds, explain what is causing the instability.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning