Concept explainers
Interpretation: Each carbocation in below figure should be labelled as
Concept introduction: Organic compounds are covalent in nature that undergoes a reaction by heterolytic cleavage or homolytic cleavage.
In heterolytic cleavage, shared pair of electrons is taken away by one of the atoms which result in charged species. In homolytic cleavage, shared pair of electrons are equally distributed between two atom that results in free radicals.
Carbocation is a general term employed for a postively charged carbon irrespective of valency of carbon. In carbocation, carbon is bonded to 3 atoms or groups and has only sextet of electrons so it behaves as an electron-deficient species. It is
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Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- 2. Draw the structures and explain why CH3CH₂O and CH3CO₂ are good nucleophiles but CH3SO3, water, and alcohols (R-OH) are poor nucleophiles. Propose a 'cutoff' for the amount of negative charge needed to be a good nucleophile. CH3CH₂O CH3CO₂ CH3SO3 H₂O CH₂OHarrow_forwardClassify each carbocation as primary, secondary, or tertiary. a. b. 人 C. d.arrow_forwardStep 2: Draw curved arrows to give elimination. H3C H CH HC CH3 ا H H3C- CH2 you. + CH3 H H Harrow_forward
- By following the direction of curve arrow, draw the final product after the reaction. (a) + BF, (c) HCI (b) + BF, (d) + CH,CH,CH,CH2-Liarrow_forwardDraw the organic product for each reaction sequence. Remember to include formal charges when appropriate. If more than one major product isomer forms, draw only one. 1. CH,CI, AIC, СН, СІ, AICI, 2. HNO,,H,S0, 1. HNO,,H,SO, 2. CH,CIІ, AICІI,arrow_forwardDecide which carbocation in each pair is more stable.arrow_forward
- Classify each carbocation as 1°, 2°, or 3°. CH2CH3 a. CH;CH,CHCH,CHa b. с. d. е. CH2arrow_forward3. Circle three allylic carbons in thiamine to the right. How many allylic hydrogens does it have? Why is the indicated carbon not allylic? N thiamine N NH₂ S -OH # allylic Hsarrow_forwardRank the following carbocations in terms of their energy. A B Highest Energy Lowest Energyarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning