Concept explainers
Concept introduction:
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis:
The Cost Volume Profit analysis is the analysis of the relation between cost, volume, and profit of a product. It analyzes the cost and profits at the different level of production, in order to determine the breakeven point and required the level of sales to earn the desired profit.
Contribution margin means the margin that is left with the company after recovering variable cost out of revenue earned by selling smart phones. The formula for contribution margin is as follows:
Contribution margin = Sales - Variable cost.
Similarly contribution margin ratio = Contribution/sales
Breakeven Point:
The Breakeven point is the level of sales at which the net profit is nil. It can be explained as a situation where the business is generating a sale that is equal to the expenses incurred and hence no
To indicate:
The Breakeven Point in units without any calculation
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Managerial Accounting
- A CVP graph such as the one shown below is a useful technique for showing relationships among an organization's costs, volume, and profits. 8. Required: Identify the numbered components in the CVP graph. Answer Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6 Number 7 Number 8 Number 9 State the effect of each of the following actions on the break-even point. Answer |The unit selling price is increased from $ 18 to $20. |Unit variable expenses are decreased from $12 to $10. |Fixed expenses are increased by $3,000 per period Two thousand more units are sold during the period than were budgeted Due to paying salespersons a commission rather than a flat salary, fixed expenses are reduced by $8,000 per period and unit variable expenses are increased by $3 Due to an increase in the cost of materials, both unit variable expenses and the selling price are increased by $2. Advertising costs are increased by $10,000 per period, resulting in a 10% increase in the number of units sold. Due…arrow_forwardCrane Manufacturing Ltd. has provided you with the following CVP income statement. Sales (1,460 units) Variable costs: Cost of goods sold Selling expenses Administrative expenses Contribution margin Fixed costs: Cost of goods sold Selling expenses Administrative expenses Operating income $1,022,000 454,060 81,760 67,160 419, 20 153,300 52,560 33,580 $179,580 a. Calculate the contribution margin ratio. b. Calculate the break-even point in sales dollars and number of units.arrow_forwardThe XYZ Company produces and sells two products: The Riffs and The Raffs. Below is revenue and cost information to facilitate the development of a basic segmented income statement. Product Riffs Raffs Sales Price per unit $8.00 6.00 Variable Cost per unit $3.20 3.00 Traceable Fixed Costs $62,000 $44,000 It is expected that the company will incur $21,000 of common fixed expenses and unit sales are expected to be 12,000 of Riffs and 18,000 of Raffs. Required: Construct a Contribution Format Income Statement segmented by product line and company total.arrow_forward
- Calculate the Break-Even Sales Amount and Sales Amount of Company X with the attached P&L (Profit & Loss) table? -Analyze and interpret X Business Sales Price (Unit) Total Sales Quantity (units) Total Sales Amount (s*unit prc.) Variable Cost (units) Total Variable Cost (b.x) Contribution Margin Total Fixed Costs P/L (Profit/Loss) Profit Margin Contribution Margin (s-b) Contribution Margin Ratio (s-b) / s 100TL / Brm. 20.000,00 2.000.000,00 75,00 1.500.000,00 500.000,00 150.000,00 350.000,00 ? 25,00 25,00% Breakeven Point (Sales Unit) (a/KP) ? Breakeven Point (Sales Amount ?arrow_forwardThe equation which reflects a CVP income statement is a. Sales Variable costs - Fixed costs = Net income. b. Sales + Fixed costs = Variable costs + Net income. c. None d. Sales Variable costs + Fixed costs = Net income. e. Sales Cost of goods sold + Operating expenses + Net income. Clear my choice Reliable Manufacturing wants to sell a sufficient quantity of products to earn a profit of $80 000. If the unit sales price is $10, unit variable cost is $8, and total fixed costs are $160 000, how many units must be sold to earn income of $80 000? a. 30 000 units b. 1 200 000 units c. 80 000 units d. 120 000 units None Clear my choice A company desires to sell a sufficient quantity of products to earn a profit of $300 000. If the unit sales price is $20, unit variable cost is $12, and total fixed costs are $600 000, how many units must be sold to earn net income of $300 000? 90 000 units a. b. None c. 67 500 units d. 112 500 units e. 168 750 units Clear my choicearrow_forwardIdentify Fixed and Variable Costs Intuit Inc. develops and sells software products for the personal finance market, including popular titles such as Quickbooks® and TurboTax®. Classify each of the following costs and expenses for this company as either variable or fixed to the number of units produced and sold: a. Packaging costs b. Sales commissions c. Property taxes on general offices d. Shipping expenses e. Straight-line depreciation of computer equipment f. President’s salary g. Salaries of software developers h. Salaries of human resources personnel i. Wages of telephone order assistants j. Users' guidesarrow_forward
- Some financial information for each of three companies is reflected below in columns A, B, and C. Use your knowledge of CVP relationships to fill in the missing pieces numbered (1) through (9). Consider each company (i.e., column) separately. (Round variable cost per unit and contribution margin ratio to 2 decimal places, e.g. 0.24.) Selling price Total fixed costs Sales volume (units) Variable cost/unit Operating income Tax rate After-tax profit Contribution margin ratio A $4 $12,900 31,000 3720 (1) $21,820 30 % (2) $15,274 34,720 (3) B $750 2,700 $360 25% $692,250 (4) (5) (6) $450,000 $43.20 $262,800 40% 0.55arrow_forwarda) Using the equation method, calculate the normal capacity of the business. b) Calculate: i) the variable production cost per unit ii) the total production cost per unit iii) The total variable cost per unit iv) Total Fixed Costs c) Calculate Greek’s break-even point in units and in sales dollars. d) Assuming sales equal to the normal capacity calculated in a) above, prepare a contribution margin income statement for the year ended December 31, 2020, detailing the components of total variable costs and total fixed costs, and clearly showing contribution and net income. e) The recession in the economy in 2021 is expected to result in a reduction of the number of units sold. Assuming that Greek is operating at normal capacity, by how much can sales decline in units and sales dollars in 2021 without the company making a loss? f) The President of Greek Manufacturing is under pressure from shareholders to increase operating income by 30% in 2021. Management expects per unit data and…arrow_forwardCullumber Company makes three models of tasers. Information on the three products is given below. Sales Variable expenses Contribution margin Fixed expenses Net income (a) Net income $ (b) Shocker Net Income Tingler $300,000 $500,000 Tingler Net Income $ Total Net Income (c) Why or why not? Compute current net income for Cullumber Company. ta Net income would 151,400 148,600 $ 119,400 S $29,200 Fixed expenses consist of $298,000 of common costs allocated to the three products based on relative sales, as well as direct fixed expenses unique to each model of $30,000 (Tingler), $80,800 (Shocker), and $34,300 (Stunner). The common costs will be incurred regardless of how many models are produced. The direct fixed expenses would be eliminated if that model is phased out. James Watt, an executive with the company, feels the Stunner line should be discontinued to increase the company's net income. Shocker 197,000 303,000 229,800 $73,200 Compute net income by product line and in total for…arrow_forward
- a. Given the following graphs, calculate the total fixed costs, variable costs per unit, andsales price for Firm A. Firm B’s fixed costs are $120,000, its variable costs per unit are$4, and its sales price is $8 per unit.b. Which firm has the higher operating leverage at any given level of sales? Explain.c. At what sales level, in units, do both firms earn the same operating profit?arrow_forwardAssume company ABC’s only product is priced at K20 per unit and its variable costs amount to K15 per unit while fixed costs are K3,600.a. Compute the quantity required to achieve a profit of K2 per unit b. Define the term: Degree of Operating Leverage and how it can be computed c. What is the degree of operating leverage for this company at the level of output earning a profit of K3 per unit?arrow_forwardThe following information relates to the operations of a company; cost per unit from supplier- GH¢80, variable cost per unit GH¢40 and total fixed cost of GH¢300000. The company determines its selling price by adding a margin of 20%. What is the breakeven quantity?arrow_forward
- Managerial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337912020Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. TaylerPublisher:South-Western College Pub