Concept explainers
Concept introduction:
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis:
The Cost Volume Profit analysis is the analysis of the relation between cost, volume, and profit of a product. It analyzes the cost and profits at the different level of production, in order to determine the breakeven point and required the level of sales to earn the desired profit.
Contribution margin means the margin that is left with the company after recovering variable cost out of revenue earned by selling smart phones. The formula for contribution margin is as follows:
Contribution margin = Sales - Variable cost.
Similarly contribution margin ratio = Contribution/sales
Degree of operating leverage:
The Degree of operating leverage shows the relation between change in net operating income and change in sales. The formulas for degree of operating leverage are as follows:
To calculate:
The effect of change in sales on profit
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Managerial Accounting
- Conduct the CVP analysis for your business for the upcoming five years. Specifically, you need to do the following:3.1 Calculate how many units of your product you will need to sell to break even in each of the upcoming five years. Fixed cost $120,000, Variable costs per unit $60, Sales price per unit $100 3.2 Calculate the margin of safety in units for each of the upcoming five years. 3.3 Decide how much you would like to make in before-tax operating income (target profit) in each of the upcoming five years. Calculate how many units you would need to sell in each of the upcoming years to meet those target profit levels.arrow_forwardCalculate Disk City’s break-even point for the current year in number of video disks. What will be the company’s net income for the current year if there is a 15 percent increase in projected unit sales volume?arrow_forwardA company is thinking of investing in one of two potential new products for sale. The projections are as follows: Year Revenue/cost £ (Product A) Revenue/cost £ (Product B)0 (150,000) outlay (150,000) outlay 1 24,000 12,0002 24,000 25,3333 44,000 52,0004 84,000 63,333 a) Calculate decimal. Please present answer to nearest half a month.arrow_forward
- You are assisting the management accountant with sales forecast of two brands – Y and Z – for the next three quarters of 2019. Brand Y has a steady, increasing trend in sales of 2% a quarter and Brand Z a steadily falling trend in sales of 3% a quarter. Brand Y are subject to seasonal variations as a proportion to the sales units as follows: Quarter 1 2 3 4 Seasonality -30% 0% -30% 60% Brand Z however is subject to seasonal variations in sales units as follows Quarter 1 2 3 4 Seasonality (in sales unit) -112 10 -70 172 The last four quarters unit sales are shown below: 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2019 Q1 Brand Y 331 237 552 246 Brand Z 873 593 1,314 558 Required Produce sales forecast for the remaining three quarters of 2019 for each brand.arrow_forwardThe quarterly sales data (number of copies sold) for a college textbook over the past three years are as follows: a. Construct a time series plot. What type of pattern exists in the data? b. Use a regression model with dummy variables as follows to develop an equation to account for seasonal effects in the data: Qtr1 = l if quarter l, 0 otherwise; Qtr2 = l if quarter 2, 0 otherwise; Qtr3 = 1 if quarter 3, 0 otherwise. c. Based on the model you developed in part (b), compute the quarterly forecasts for next year. d. Let t = 1 to refer to the observation in quarter 1 of year 1; t = 2 to refer to the observation in quarter 2 of year 1; ; and t = 12 to refer to the observation in quarter 4 of year 3. Using the dummy variables defined in part (b) and t, develop an equation to account for seasonal effects and any linear trend in the time series. e. Based upon the seasonal effects in the data and linear trend, compute the quarterly forecasts for next year. f. Is the model you developed in part (b) or the model you developed in part (d) more effective? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardQWE Inn has recorded the following number of rooms sold for the first quarter of the year: January 2100 February 2500 March 2550 Assume that you found an average monthly geometric rate of change in rooms sales from the month of January to March be equal to 5%. What would be your forecast of rooms sales for the month of April if sales are expected to continue increasing at the same rate?arrow_forward
- What volume of sales (in dollars) must Disk City achieve in the coming year to maintain the same net income as projected for the current year if the unit selling price remains at $17? 2. In order to cover a 20 percent increase in the disk’s purchase price for the coming year and still maintain the current contribution-margin ratio, what selling price per disk must Disk City establish for the coming year?arrow_forwardGiven: Month Total Sales/month November December January February March P1,500 8,000 6,000 7,200 8,600 Requirements: (Show solutions) 1. What is the growth rate per month? 2. What is the Average growth rate? 3. Forecast for the next 6-month the Total Sales, based on the above previous sales performance.arrow_forwardSales last year for a department were $98,600. This year planned sales are forecast to decrease by 1.5%. What are planned sales for this year? Please include your calculation procedure.arrow_forward
- Use the following (very simplified) numbers in creating your pro-forma income statement: Sales start at $1000 for January and increase by 10% per month (so, February sales will be $1100, March sales will be $1210, etc.). The venture uses a markup of 100%, so the cost of goods is 50% of the sales amount (so, January cost of goods is $500, February cost of goods is $550, etc.). The venture pays a salary of $500/month for the first 6 months, then hires an additional employee in July and pays $1000/month for the rest of the year. The venture pays a total overhead cost (including rent, utilities, and insurance) of $50/month. Payroll taxes start out at $20/month for January-June, then increase to $40/month for July-December. The venture's assets depreciate by $10/month. Office expenses are $15/month for January-April, increase to $25/month for May-August, and go back down to $15/month for September-Decemberarrow_forwardSales last year during June were $20,000. Sales this June were $21,500. What percentage increase or decrease in sales has occurred? If this trend continues, what sales should be forecast for next June? Please include your calculation procedure.arrow_forwardYou have been provided with monthly sales projections for year one for Maggie’s Coffee Café. Use these projections to answer the following: Based on the sales projections for Maggie’s Coffee Cafe determine: Sales per day for the first month they are open (January) ______________ Sales per day for the 6th month they are open (June) ______________ Sales per day for the 12th month they are open (December) ______________ (assume the business is open 7 days/week; Jan and Dec have 31 days; June has 30) Which month has the highest sales? Which month has the lowest sales? Why do you think this is so?arrow_forward
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