Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 14, Problem 29RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The following:
1. The various mechanisms used by a drug that serves as an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme to lower the blood pressure.
2. The mechanism used by diuretics and β1-adrenergic-blocking drugs to lower the blood pressure.
Introduction:
Cardiovascular system comprises of the heart and the blood vessels. Heart is responsible for pumping blood via the vessels of the circulatory system. Blood supplies the body with oxygen and nutrients. A human heart has four chambers, namely left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Use the word bank below to fill-out the table summarizing blood pressure control:
Baroreflex
Aldosterone
Autoregulation
Angiogenesis
Medullary ischemic response
Anti-diuretic hormone
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Reactive hyperemia
Chemoreflex
Vasoactive chemicals
Angiotensin II
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
Type of blood pressure
control:
Examples:
Specific way it controls blood pressure:
Local:
if tissue is inadequately perfused, wastes accumulate
stimulating vasodilation which increases perfusion
if blood supply cut off then restored, flow increases
above normal
substances such as histamine, bradykinin, and
prostaglandins that stimulate vasomotion
growth of new blood vessels
Neural:
blood pressure changes detected by carotid sinuses
results in changes in heart rate and cardiac output
(sympathetic control)
Receptors in aortic and carotid bodies detect changes
in blood pH, and alter heart and breathing rates to
correct blood oxygenation levels. Vasomotion can also
be altered.
Automatic…
Explain the steps of renin conversion to angiotensin II that take place once renin is secreted into the blood. Be specific and don’t use abbreviations
Explain the ways in which the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide differ from the effects of angiotensin II, ADH, and aldosterone.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1CPCh. 14 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 14 - Describe how the stroke volume is intrinsically...Ch. 14 - Define the terms preload and afterload and explain...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3CPCh. 14 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 14 - Define the term edema and describe four different...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 14 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 14 - Prob. 5cCP
Ch. 14 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 14 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 14 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 14 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 14 - Define autoregulation and explain how this process...Ch. 14 - Describe blood flow and oxygen delivery to the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 14 - Describe the mechanisms that produce vasodilation...Ch. 14 - Prob. 9cCPCh. 14 - Define the term autoregulation and describe how...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 14 - Prob. 11CPCh. 14 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 14 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 14 - Prob. 13aCPCh. 14 - Prob. 13bCPCh. 14 - Prob. 14CPCh. 14 - Prob. 15aCPCh. 14 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 14 - Prob. 15cCPCh. 14 - Prob. 16CPCh. 14 - Prob. 1RACh. 14 - In the absence of compensations, the stroke volume...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3RACh. 14 - Prob. 4RACh. 14 - Prob. 5RACh. 14 - Prob. 6RACh. 14 - Prob. 7RACh. 14 - The sounds of Korotkoff are produced by...Ch. 14 - Prob. 9RACh. 14 - Blood flow in the coronary circulation...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11RACh. 14 - Prob. 12RACh. 14 - Prob. 13RACh. 14 - Prob. 14RACh. 14 - Prob. 15RACh. 14 - Blood pressure is lowest in
Ch. 14 - Prob. 17RACh. 14 - Prob. 18RACh. 14 - Prob. 19RACh. 14 - The pulse pressure is a measure of
Ch. 14 - Define the terms contractilily, preload, and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 22RACh. 14 - Which part of the cardiovascular system contains...Ch. 14 - Prob. 24RACh. 14 - Prob. 25RACh. 14 - Prob. 26RACh. 14 - Prob. 27RACh. 14 - Prob. 28RACh. 14 - Prob. 29RACh. 14 - Prob. 30RACh. 14 - Prob. 31RACh. 14 - Prob. 32RACh. 14 - Prob. 33RACh. 14 - Prob. 34RACh. 14 - Prob. 35RACh. 14 - Prob. 36RACh. 14 - Prob. 37RACh. 14 - As described in chapter 8, functional magnetic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 39RACh. 14 - Athletes often have a slower resting cardiac rate...Ch. 14 - Prob. 41RACh. 14 - Prob. 42RACh. 14 - Prob. 43RACh. 14 - Prob. 44RACh. 14 - Prob. 45RACh. 14 - Prob. 46RA
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- Describe the mechanism of action of diuretics most commonly used for hypertension treatment. What are the major side effects and drug-drug interactions?arrow_forwardSome patients with hypertension are kept on a low-salt (low-sodium)diet. Propose an explanation for this therapy.arrow_forwardActions of ACE inhibitors in hypertension and heart failure include all the following EXCEPT Decrease angiotensin ilves Decrease peripheral resistance Decrease bradykinin levels Decrease rease of aldosteronearrow_forward
- Differentiate the mechanism of action of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitorsarrow_forwardEstablish the relationship between kwashiorkor and edema. Briefly explain the Renin-angiotensin mechanism indicating the treatment or drug target sites of hypertensive patients in regulating blood pressure. A 63-year old man took four bottles of Kasepreko, an alcoholic beverage at a funeral ceremony and refused to eat my food. He wakes up early morning at the funeral grounds feeling very hungry but again refused to eat but rather ordered for alcohol. Hours later, after he had drunk the alcohol, he became unconscious and was rushed to the nearest hospital and later developed coma. A request by the clinician and a blood analysis by the laboratory scientist revealed low blood glucose levels. Briefly explain the mechanism behind the low blood glucose level and the development of coma by the patient. A 72-year old female diabetic patient in a state of ketoacidosis and was found to be breathing rapidly. Laboratory investigations revealed low HCO-3, low PaCO2 and high PaO2. Briefly explain…arrow_forwardGive the classification of Angiotensin Converting Enzymes (ACE) Inhibitors.arrow_forward
- Explain the means by which angiotensin II formation can be triggered.arrow_forwardWhat are the difference between the hypertensive drugs and list the drug corresponding to each category:1. Beta Blockers, 2.Calcium Channel Blockers, 3.Ace Inhibitor,4. Angiotensin II Blockers, 5. Diuretics.arrow_forwardDescribe the therapeutic strategies that target angiotensin II to treat Stage 1 and 2 hypertension. With the aid of diagrams describe the aetiology of the disease. Pick one therapeutic approach and describe in detail the mechanism of action and major side effects.arrow_forward
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