Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 9.13, Problem 21KCP
(a)
To determine
Explain how a precipitation-hardenable alloy is strengthened by heat treatment.
(b)
To determine
What type of phase diagram is necessary for a binary alloy to be precipitation hardenable?
(c)
To determine
What are the three basic heat-treatment steps to strengthen a precipitation-hardenable alloy?
(d)
To determine
In what temperature range must a binary precipitation-hardenable alloy be heated for the solution heat-treatment step?
(e)
To determine
Why is a precipitation-hardenable alloy relatively weak just after solution heat treatment and quenching?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
13- Copper-rich copper-beryllium alloys are precipitation hardenable. After consulting the portion of the phase
diagram shown in the figure below, do the following:
(a) Specify the range of compositions over which these alloys may be precipitation hardened.
Temperature (°C)
(b) Briefly describe the heat-treatment procedures steps (in terms of temperatures) that would be used to
precipitation harden an alloy having a composition of 1 wt% Be.
1000
800
600
400
0
(Cu)
0
1
Composition (at% Be)
10
15
a + L
2
α + 1/2
Liquid
Composition (wt% Be)
866°C
-620°C
3
20
x + 1₁
rams
A copper-nickel alloy of composition 75 wt% Ni-25 wt% Cu is slowly heated from a
temperature of 1300°C (1573).
(a) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form?
(b) What is the composition of this liquid phase?
T(°C)
1600
(c) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur?
(d) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete melting?
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
17 / 17
0
L (liquid)
20
liquidus
+ a
solidus
100%
40
α
(FCC solid
solution)
60
80
100 wt% Ni
17
A lead-tin (Pb-Sn) alloy of composition 50 wt % Sn and 50 wt % Pb is slowly heated from a temperature of 100 °C. Refer to the phase diagram provided
in Figure 1 and answer the following.
(i) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form?
(ii) What is the composition of this liquid phase?
(iii) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur?
(iv) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete melting?
Composition (at% Sn)
20
40
60
80
100
327°C
600
300
Liquid
500
232°C
a + L
200
B+L
1400
183°C
18.3
61.9
97.8
300
100
a + B
200
H100
20
40
60
80
100
(Pb)
Composition (wt% Sn)
(Sn)
Figure 1. Lead (Pb) and Tin (Sn) Phase diagram
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°F)
Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 9.13 - (a) How is raw pig iron extracted from iron oxide...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Why is the FeFe3C phase diagram a metastable...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What is the structure of pearlite? (b) Draw a...Ch. 9.13 - Distinguish between the following three types of...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 5KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Define an FeC martensite. (b) Describe the...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What is an isothermal transformation in the...Ch. 9.13 - How does the isothermal transformation diagram for...Ch. 9.13 - Draw a continuous-cooling transformation diagram...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the full-annealing heat treatment for...
Ch. 9.13 - Describe the process-annealing heat treatment for...Ch. 9.13 - What is the normalizing heat treatment for steel...Ch. 9.13 - Describe the tempering process for a plain-carbon...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the martempering (marquenching)...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the austempering process for a...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Explain the numbering system used by the AISI...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What arc some of the limitations of...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What compounds docs aluminum form in steels?...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 19KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Define the hardenability of a steel. (b)...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 22KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 9.13 - What is the difference between a coherent...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Describe the three principal casting processes...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 29KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 30KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 31KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 32KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 33KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 34KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 35KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) What are the cast irons? (b) What is their...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 37KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 38KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 39KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 40KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 41KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 42KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 43KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 44KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 45KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Why arc titanium and its alloys of special...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 47KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 48KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 49KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 50KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 51KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 52KCPCh. 9.13 - Describe the structural changes that take place...Ch. 9.13 - Describe the structural changes that take place...Ch. 9.13 - If a thin sample of a eutectoid plain-carbon steel...Ch. 9.13 - If a thin sample of a eutectoid plain-carbon steel...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What types of microstructures arc produced by...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.65 % C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.25% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 93 wt % ferrite7 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 45 wt% proeutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 5.9 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.90% C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A 1.10% C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - If a hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel contains...Ch. 9.13 - A hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel contains 10.7...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 20.0 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.55% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A hypoeutectoid steel contains 44.0 wt% eutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A hypoeutectoid steel contains 24.0 wt% eutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A 1.10 % C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - Draw timetemperature cooling paths for a 1080...Ch. 9.13 - Draw timetemperature cooling paths for a 1080...Ch. 9.13 - Thin pieces of 0.3-mm-thick hot-rolled strips of...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 75AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 76AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 77AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 78AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 79AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 80AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 81AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 82AAPCh. 9.13 - An austenitized 40-mm-diameter 4340 steel bar is...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 84AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 85AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 86AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 87AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 88AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 89AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 90AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 91AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 92AAPCh. 9.13 - (a) For a plain-carbon steel with 1 wt % carbon...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 94SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 95SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 96SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 97SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 98SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 99SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 100SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 101SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 102SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 103SEPCh. 9.13 - Both 4140 and 4340 steel alloys may be tempered to...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 105SEPCh. 9.13 - Aircraft fuselage is made of aluminum alloys 2024...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 107SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 108SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 109SEPCh. 9.13 - (a) What makes austenitic stainless steels that...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 111SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 112SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 113SEPCh. 9.13 - (a) Give examples of components or products that...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 115SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 116SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 117SEP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- List the phase(s) that are present, the phase composition(s) and the weight fractions of the phase(s) for each of the following alloys:(a) 70 wt% Zn-30 wt% Cu at 300 C (b) 90 wt% Pb-10 wt% Sn at 325 C (c) 2.5 kg Cu and 5.0 kg Ag at 900 C (d) 37 lbm Pb and 6.5 lbm Mg at 500 Carrow_forwardA 80%Sn-20%Pb alloy is melted fully at 300°C and then slowly cooled down to 182°C. Sketch the microstructures at 300°C, 200°C, and 182°C, respectively. Label all phases and indicate their approximate compositions. Also, determine the follows for this alloy at 182°C. (1) The weight fractions of α and β phases.(2) The weight fractions of primary β and eutectic structure.(3) The weight fraction of eutectic β .arrow_forwardA lead-tin (Pb-Sn) alloy of composition 30 wt % Sn and 70 wt % Pb is slowly heated from a temperature of 140 OC. Refer to the phase diagram provided in Figure 1 and answer the following. (i) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form? (ii) What is the composition of this liquid phase? (iii) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur? (iv) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete melting?arrow_forward
- A 50 wt% Pb-50 wt% Mg alloy is slowly cooled from 700 °C (1290 °F) to 400 °C (750 °F). (a) At what temperature does the first solid phase form? (b) What is the composition of this solid phase? (c) At what temperature does the liquid solidify? (d) What is the composition of this last remaining liquid phase? Temperature (°C) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 2 0 0 (Mg) 560°C First solid (21 wt% Pb) α 20 465°C 5 a + L Composition (at% Pb) 40 10 L a + Mg₂Pb 20 60 Composition (wt% Pb) Last liquid (67 wt% Pb) 30 Mg₂Pb 40 T T L + Mg₂Pb M 18 80 L + Mg₂Pb 70 100 B B+ Mg₂Pb T B + L D T 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 100 (Pb) Temperature (°F)arrow_forwardA steel alloy is known to contain 93.8 wt% Fe, 6.0 wt% Ni, and 0.2 wt% C. Assume that there are no alterations in the positions of other phase boundaries with the addition of Ni. (a) What is the approximate eutectoid temperature of this alloy? i °C (b) What is the proeutectoid phase when this alloy is cooled to a temperature just below the eutectoid? (c) Compute the relative amounts of the proeutectoid phase and pearlite. Wa Wp : iarrow_forwardIn a binary Fe-Fe3C system, what is the transformation that occurs when cooling an austenistic mixture of 2% C by weight from 1100°C to below the eutectoid temperature? What is the microstructure, and how is it formed? What are the concentrations of the total and partial phases? Data: eutectoid temperature: 723 ºC, eutectoid concentration: 0.76% C, limit concentration of ferrite: 0.022%, limit concentration of cementite: 6.7%.arrow_forward
- Draw thermal equilibrium diagram for the binary alloy system (Si-Au), from the following data:- a- Silicon melts at 1414 °C, and gold melts at 1064 °C. b-Eutectic is formed at 360°C containing 20 Wt% Si -80 Wt% Au, and identify all phases are present in the diagram c-Determine the amount of each phase for the alloy which consist of 60 Wt% Si- 40Wt % Au at 1200 °C and 800 °C ,then determine the amount of eutectic at 200 °C?arrow_forwardFor an Fe-0.35% C alloy, determine (a) the temperature at which austenite first begins to transform on cooling; (b) the primary microconstituent that forms; (c) the composition and amount of each phase present at 728 °C; (d) the composition and amount of each phase present at 726 ° C; and (e) the composition and amount of each microconstituent present at 726 °C.arrow_forward1-The microstructural design of Iron-Carbon(Fe-C) alloys has led to the development of vast range of steels for structural material applications. The phase diagram provide means for producing specific microstructures. Using the phase diagram below to answer the following questions A – If the liquid mixture of Fe-3%Wt C is slowly cooled from 1600 C to 1200C indicate the phase(S) that are present at 1200 C . Also calculate the composition of the of phases.(10) B-Describe the sequence of all phase transformation that accour from Fe-1.5%wt C is slowly cooled from 1600 C to 400 C. Use the diagram below to to describe the microstructures for each phase transformation (10)arrow_forward
- 2. The microstructural design of Fe – C alloys has led to the development of a vast range of steels for structural materials applications. The phase diagram provides a means for producing specific microstructure. Using the Fe – C phase diagram, answer the following questions: (a) If a liquid mixture of Fe – 3.0 wt.% C is slowly cooled from 1600 °C to 1200 °C, indicate the phase(s) that are present at 1200 °C and the composition(s) of the phases(s). Sketch the final microstructure that will be obtained. (b) Describe the sequence of all phase transformation that occur if a Fe – 1.5 wt.% C is slowly cooled from 1600 °C to 400 °C. Use diagram to describe the microstructures for each phase transformation. TOF Iron -carbon phase diagram TỘC 2802°F (1539°C) 2912 1600 2719°F (1493°C) L 1400 2552°F (1400°C) 0.16% Y+L L+Fe3C 2192 4.3% 1200 2097°F (1147°C) 2.06% ACM 1832 Аз 1000 Austeņite + cementite+ledeburite Cementite + ledeburite 1670°F (910°C) 1472 800 1333°F(723°C) 0.025% 1112 p.83% A2=…arrow_forwardBI (a) Figure BI below shows the equilibrium phase diagram of hypothetical A - B alloy system. Answer the following questions. What are technical names of Line A and Line B? What do they signify? (i) (ii) With the aid sketches, portray the microstructures and phases that are present for the 20wt%A-80wt%B alloy (Alloy A) at the temperatures of 780 °C, 670 °C, 652 °C, and 500 °C, respectively. (iii) Assume an A - B alloy (Alloy B) has 60wt%a - 40wt%L, in terms of weight, at a temperature of 652 °C. Determine the overall composition of Alloy B. (o) emai 700 8 600 500 400 800 0 A 760 °C Line B W a /9.5 20 Line A a + L 650 °C 40 Liquid (L) wt%B Figure B1 52.5 a + ß 60 B+L 80 93.7 B 100 Barrow_forwardFor the isothermal time-temperature-transformation diagram provided (next page) for an Fe-C steel, answer the following (show any work on the diagram):a. based on the phases depicted, what is the average composition for the Fe-C alloy depicted (be specific). Explain your answer. (Note: you do have the Fe-C phase diagram in your notes and in the text for reference.)b. in an isothermal heat-treatment of a pure austenite structure at 300 C, how long will it take for austenite to be completely converted to bainite after bainite first begins to form?c. A standard size, automobile engine block and a 1 mm diameter rod of the same steel composition are taken from a heat-treatment furnace and immersed in a water bath at the same temperature. Do you expect that the microstructure of both pieces will be the same or different? Justify your answer.d. note that the time required to initiate the transformation of the austenite phase tends to decrease as the isothermal treatment temperature is reduced…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University PressMechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSONThermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
- Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEYMechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage LearningEngineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY
Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY
How to balance a see saw using moments example problem; Author: Engineer4Free;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7tX37j-iHU;License: Standard Youtube License