Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 9.13, Problem 101SEP
To determine
Explain, in terms of the cooling curve, how this affects hardenability for “Alloy steel 4340 is highly hardenable because the decomposition of austenite to ferrite and bainite is delayed”.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 9.13 - (a) How is raw pig iron extracted from iron oxide...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Why is the FeFe3C phase diagram a metastable...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What is the structure of pearlite? (b) Draw a...Ch. 9.13 - Distinguish between the following three types of...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 5KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Define an FeC martensite. (b) Describe the...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What is an isothermal transformation in the...Ch. 9.13 - How does the isothermal transformation diagram for...Ch. 9.13 - Draw a continuous-cooling transformation diagram...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the full-annealing heat treatment for...
Ch. 9.13 - Describe the process-annealing heat treatment for...Ch. 9.13 - What is the normalizing heat treatment for steel...Ch. 9.13 - Describe the tempering process for a plain-carbon...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the martempering (marquenching)...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the austempering process for a...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Explain the numbering system used by the AISI...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What arc some of the limitations of...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What compounds docs aluminum form in steels?...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 19KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Define the hardenability of a steel. (b)...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 22KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 9.13 - What is the difference between a coherent...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Describe the three principal casting processes...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 29KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 30KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 31KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 32KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 33KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 34KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 35KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) What are the cast irons? (b) What is their...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 37KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 38KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 39KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 40KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 41KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 42KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 43KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 44KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 45KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Why arc titanium and its alloys of special...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 47KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 48KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 49KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 50KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 51KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 52KCPCh. 9.13 - Describe the structural changes that take place...Ch. 9.13 - Describe the structural changes that take place...Ch. 9.13 - If a thin sample of a eutectoid plain-carbon steel...Ch. 9.13 - If a thin sample of a eutectoid plain-carbon steel...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What types of microstructures arc produced by...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.65 % C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.25% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 93 wt % ferrite7 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 45 wt% proeutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 5.9 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.90% C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A 1.10% C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - If a hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel contains...Ch. 9.13 - A hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel contains 10.7...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 20.0 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.55% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A hypoeutectoid steel contains 44.0 wt% eutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A hypoeutectoid steel contains 24.0 wt% eutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A 1.10 % C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - Draw timetemperature cooling paths for a 1080...Ch. 9.13 - Draw timetemperature cooling paths for a 1080...Ch. 9.13 - Thin pieces of 0.3-mm-thick hot-rolled strips of...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 75AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 76AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 77AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 78AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 79AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 80AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 81AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 82AAPCh. 9.13 - An austenitized 40-mm-diameter 4340 steel bar is...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 84AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 85AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 86AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 87AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 88AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 89AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 90AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 91AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 92AAPCh. 9.13 - (a) For a plain-carbon steel with 1 wt % carbon...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 94SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 95SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 96SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 97SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 98SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 99SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 100SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 101SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 102SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 103SEPCh. 9.13 - Both 4140 and 4340 steel alloys may be tempered to...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 105SEPCh. 9.13 - Aircraft fuselage is made of aluminum alloys 2024...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 107SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 108SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 109SEPCh. 9.13 - (a) What makes austenitic stainless steels that...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 111SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 112SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 113SEPCh. 9.13 - (a) Give examples of components or products that...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 115SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 116SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 117SEP
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- Problem 1 A 0.65 percent C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is slowly cooled from about 950°C to a temperature just slightly above 723°C. Calculate the weight percent austenite and weight percent proeutectoid ferrite in this steel. a +y a a 0.02% C 0.65% C 0.80% Carrow_forwardIn your own words describe the following heat treatment procedures for steels and, for each, the intended final microstructure: (a) full annealing (b) normalizing (c) quenching (d) tempering.arrow_forwardDetermine the quenching and normalizing process temperatures of 2 different steels containing 0.6% C and 1.3% C (Ac3 and Acm will be considered linear)arrow_forward
- Q1: Austenitized 40 mm diameter 5140 alloy steel bar is quenched in agitated oil. Predict what is the Rockwell hardness of this bar will be at (a) its surface and (b) its center (c) What do you think about the difference in hardness number between the center and surface (d) Differentiate between hardness and hardenability (e) Rank the steels in the figure below from lowest to highest hardenability and explain why. Cooling rate at 700°C (°C/sec) 300 150 011/3 55 100 600 Bar diameter (mm) 80 60 40 20 0 OLL 0 0 ww 25 12.5 8 5 S -------------- M-R 10 3/4-R Agitated oil 15 20 1/4 3/4 Distance from quenched end. De (Jominy distance) 5.5 4 3 Bar diameter (in.) 0 25 mm 1 in. Hardness (Rockwell C) Where (C = center, S = surface, M-R mid-radius) 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 10 1 20 Distance from quenched end (mm) 5140 1 30 L 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distance from quenched end (sixteenths of an inch) 4340 40 9840 4140 8640 50arrow_forwardDraw Iron - Iron Carbide Phase diagram and show the following: 1- Temperature, phases and carbon weight for Eutectic. 2- Temperature, phases and carbon weight for Eutectoid Thecementite, 3- austenite, ferrite, delta phases with their 4- Types of ferrous alloys on different carbon rates. 5- Draw the phase at T= 700 CD and 0.7 wt% C what is its name ? temperatures and carbon weight.arrow_forwardQ1: Austenitized 40 mm diameter 5140 alloy steel bar is quenched in agitated oil. Predict what is the Rockwell hardness of this bar will be at (a) its surface and (b) its center (c) What do you think about the difference in hardness number between the center and surface (d) Differentiate between hardness and hardenability (e) Rank the steels in the figure below from lowest to highest hardenability and explain why. 600- Bar diameter (mm) 100 80 60 40 20 0 300 0 Cooling rate at 700°C (°C/sec). -150 55 0 تنا 25 ------- 5 S 10 12.5 8 M-R L 1/2 34-R Agitated oil 15 20 ¼ ¾ Distance from quenched end. De (Jominy distance) 5,5 54 Car Bar diameter (in.) 0 25 mm. 1 in. Hardness (Rockwell C) Where (C = center, S = surface, M-R = mid-radius) 2828 292 65 60- 55- 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 J 10 5140 30 20 Distance from quenched end (mm) 4340 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distance from quenched end (sixteenths of an inch) 40 9840 4140 8640 50arrow_forward
- Using the TTT diagram for eutectoid steel, draw the specified cooling path on the diagram. Indicate what phases you expect in the final product with percentage of each phase. Assume the material has been fully austenitized before cooling. a. Water cool to room temperature b. Hot quench in molten salt to 690°C and then cooled isothermally for 2 hours: c. Hot quench to 610°C hold 3 minutes and water quencharrow_forwardA steel contains 18% pearlite and 82%primary ferrite at room temperature. Esti-mate the carbon content of the steel. Is thesteel hypoeutectoid or hypereutectoid?arrow_forwardA 1070 steel is heated to the austenite region and air cooled. Calculate the hardness of this steel. Sketch the final microstructure...arrow_forward
- A 0.25% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is slowly cooled from 950°C to a temperature just slightly below 723°C.(a) Calculate the weight percent proeutectoid ferrite in the steel.(b) Calculate the weight percent eutectoid ferrite and weight percent eutectoid cementite in the steel.arrow_forward3.The TTT diagram of a plain carbon steel is given in Fig. 1. Identify whether this steel is a hypoeutectoid, eutectoid or hypereutectoid steel. Explain why the transformation happens slowly at 850°C as well as at 300°C. Determine the microstructures expected in this type of steel after the following heat treatment processes. a) Austenize at 900°C, quench to 400°C and hold for 1000 s and quench to 25°C. b) Austenize at 900°C, quench to 25°C. c) Austenize at 900°C, quench to 675°C and hold for 1 s, quench to 400°C and hold for 900 s and slowly cool to 25°C. 900 Acm Cs 800 A1 FezC + Y 33 Fe3C + pearlite 45 700 Ps 600 ++ Fe3C + pearlite Y+ bainite Bs 500 46 Bainite 400 Yu Bf 300 57 Ms 200 60 Mf Y+ martensite 100 62 Martensite 102 65 103 104 105 106 0.1 1 10 Time (s) Fig. 1 Temperature (°C) Rockwell C hardnessarrow_forwardBainite phase and pearlite phase have different mechanical properties due to its structure differences. Discuss the hardness and tensile strength of these 2 phases using isothermal transformation temperature diagram.arrow_forward
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