Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.13, Problem 10KCP
(a) Describe the full-annealing heat treatment for a plain-carbon steel. (b) What types of microstructures are produced by full annealing (i) a eutectoid steel and (ii) a hypo-eutectoid steel?
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In your own words describe the following heat treatment procedures for steels and, for each, the intended final microstructure:
(a) full annealing
(b) normalizing
(c) quenching
(d) tempering.
Question-5
(a) Describe the structural changes that take place when a 0.4%-C plain-carbon steel is slowly
cooled from the austenitic region just above the upper transformation temperature.
(b) What is a binary eutectic alloy system? Mention all important points. Give some examples.
A 0.25% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is slowly cooled from 950°C to a temperature just slightly below 723°C.(a) Calculate the weight percent proeutectoid ferrite in the steel.(b) Calculate the weight percent eutectoid ferrite and weight percent eutectoid cementite in the steel.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 9.13 - (a) How is raw pig iron extracted from iron oxide...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Why is the FeFe3C phase diagram a metastable...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What is the structure of pearlite? (b) Draw a...Ch. 9.13 - Distinguish between the following three types of...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 5KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Define an FeC martensite. (b) Describe the...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What is an isothermal transformation in the...Ch. 9.13 - How does the isothermal transformation diagram for...Ch. 9.13 - Draw a continuous-cooling transformation diagram...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the full-annealing heat treatment for...
Ch. 9.13 - Describe the process-annealing heat treatment for...Ch. 9.13 - What is the normalizing heat treatment for steel...Ch. 9.13 - Describe the tempering process for a plain-carbon...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the martempering (marquenching)...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the austempering process for a...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Explain the numbering system used by the AISI...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What arc some of the limitations of...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What compounds docs aluminum form in steels?...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 19KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Define the hardenability of a steel. (b)...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 22KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 9.13 - What is the difference between a coherent...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Describe the three principal casting processes...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 29KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 30KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 31KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 32KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 33KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 34KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 35KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) What are the cast irons? (b) What is their...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 37KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 38KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 39KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 40KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 41KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 42KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 43KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 44KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 45KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Why arc titanium and its alloys of special...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 47KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 48KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 49KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 50KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 51KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 52KCPCh. 9.13 - Describe the structural changes that take place...Ch. 9.13 - Describe the structural changes that take place...Ch. 9.13 - If a thin sample of a eutectoid plain-carbon steel...Ch. 9.13 - If a thin sample of a eutectoid plain-carbon steel...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What types of microstructures arc produced by...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.65 % C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.25% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 93 wt % ferrite7 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 45 wt% proeutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 5.9 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.90% C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A 1.10% C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - If a hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel contains...Ch. 9.13 - A hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel contains 10.7...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 20.0 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.55% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A hypoeutectoid steel contains 44.0 wt% eutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A hypoeutectoid steel contains 24.0 wt% eutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A 1.10 % C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - Draw timetemperature cooling paths for a 1080...Ch. 9.13 - Draw timetemperature cooling paths for a 1080...Ch. 9.13 - Thin pieces of 0.3-mm-thick hot-rolled strips of...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 75AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 76AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 77AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 78AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 79AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 80AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 81AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 82AAPCh. 9.13 - An austenitized 40-mm-diameter 4340 steel bar is...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 84AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 85AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 86AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 87AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 88AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 89AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 90AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 91AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 92AAPCh. 9.13 - (a) For a plain-carbon steel with 1 wt % carbon...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 94SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 95SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 96SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 97SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 98SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 99SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 100SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 101SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 102SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 103SEPCh. 9.13 - Both 4140 and 4340 steel alloys may be tempered to...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 105SEPCh. 9.13 - Aircraft fuselage is made of aluminum alloys 2024...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 107SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 108SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 109SEPCh. 9.13 - (a) What makes austenitic stainless steels that...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 111SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 112SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 113SEPCh. 9.13 - (a) Give examples of components or products that...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 115SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 116SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 117SEP
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- Problem 1 A 0.65 percent C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is slowly cooled from about 950°C to a temperature just slightly above 723°C. Calculate the weight percent austenite and weight percent proeutectoid ferrite in this steel. a +y a a 0.02% C 0.65% C 0.80% Carrow_forwardHow would the following heat treatment be conducted, quoting approximates temperatures, cooling rate and microstructure of:(i) Normalizing of a plain carbon steel containing 0.8 wt % C, (ii) Quenching of a plain carbon steel containing 0.8 wt % C in water (iii) Quenching of a plain carbon steel containing 0.8 wt % C in oil (iv) full annealing of a plain carbon steel containing 0.8 % C.arrow_forwardThe chemical composition of X38CrMoV5-3 steel is given in the table below. b) This steel is austenitized at 1050 ° C and hardened by giving water in oil (completely martensite structure has been formed and has a hardness of 57 HRC) and tempered at 510 ° C to reduce its hardness (54 HRC) and gain toughness. In addition, it is desired to harden the surface by nitration. In order to achieve the desired surface hardness, liquid nitration should be done at 600 ° C, gas nitration at 510 ° C and plasma nitration at 450 ° C. Which nitration method do you prefer? Why is that?arrow_forward
- (b). Describe with the aid of an illustration, heat treatment procedures for steels and state the intended final microstructure. (i).Full annealing (ii)Normalizing (in). Temperingarrow_forwardFor the isothermal time-temperature-transformation diagram provided (next page) for an Fe-C steel, answer the following (show any work on the diagram):a. based on the phases depicted, what is the average composition for the Fe-C alloy depicted (be specific). Explain your answer. (Note: you do have the Fe-C phase diagram in your notes and in the text for reference.)b. in an isothermal heat-treatment of a pure austenite structure at 300 C, how long will it take for austenite to be completely converted to bainite after bainite first begins to form?c. A standard size, automobile engine block and a 1 mm diameter rod of the same steel composition are taken from a heat-treatment furnace and immersed in a water bath at the same temperature. Do you expect that the microstructure of both pieces will be the same or different? Justify your answer.d. note that the time required to initiate the transformation of the austenite phase tends to decrease as the isothermal treatment temperature is reduced…arrow_forward3.The TTT diagram of a plain carbon steel is given in Fig. 1. Identify whether this steel is a hypoeutectoid, eutectoid or hypereutectoid steel. Explain why the transformation happens slowly at 850°C as well as at 300°C. Determine the microstructures expected in this type of steel after the following heat treatment processes. a) Austenize at 900°C, quench to 400°C and hold for 1000 s and quench to 25°C. b) Austenize at 900°C, quench to 25°C. c) Austenize at 900°C, quench to 675°C and hold for 1 s, quench to 400°C and hold for 900 s and slowly cool to 25°C. 900 Acm Cs 800 A1 FezC + Y 33 Fe3C + pearlite 45 700 Ps 600 ++ Fe3C + pearlite Y+ bainite Bs 500 46 Bainite 400 Yu Bf 300 57 Ms 200 60 Mf Y+ martensite 100 62 Martensite 102 65 103 104 105 106 0.1 1 10 Time (s) Fig. 1 Temperature (°C) Rockwell C hardnessarrow_forward
- What is the composition (wt% C) of a steel with AISI designation 1090? .Would this be considered a low, medium, or high carbon steel? (circle one)arrow_forwardWith respect to the S-N diagram shown below, answer the following questions:(a) for Gray cast iron, what is the projected number of cycles to failure for an induced stress of 20,000 psi?(b) What is the endurance limit and associated stress for a 0.47% heat treated carbon steel? (c) What is the endurance limit for the Aluminum-copper alloy?(d) What is the endurance strength for heat treated Alloy Steel at 400,000 cycles?arrow_forwardSome alloys use a combination of strain hardening and precipitation hardening to achieve particularly high strength levels. The usual order of strengthening is solution treatment, quenching, cold working, and finally precipitation heat treatment. Why not reverse the order of the cold working and precipitation heat treatment steps?arrow_forward
- What is the% C ratio of two different steels with 80% and equal austenite content at 724 Celsius?arrow_forwardIf a eutectoid steel sample is heated to 800°C and then quenched in a cold-water bath then what would be the possible microstructure? Draw the microstructure and label it.arrow_forwardOf the following alloys, pick the one(s) thatmay be strengthened by heat treatment,cold work, or both: R50250 titanium, AZ31Bmagnesium, 6061 aluminum, C51000 phos-phor bronze, lead, 6150 steel, 304 stainlesssteel, and C17200 beryllium copper.arrow_forward
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