Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.13, Problem 73AAP
Draw time–temperature cooling paths for a 1080 steel on an isothermal transformation diagram that will produce the following microstructures. Start with the steels in the austenitic condition at time = 0 and temperature = 850°C. (a) 100% martensite, (b) 50% fine pearlite and 50% martensite, (c) 100% coarse pearlite, (d) 100% fine pearlite.
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(c) The steels with the following compositions are heat treated and the results of
microstructures are indicated in Table 2(c).
Table 2(c): Heat treated steels and the results of microstructures
Steel A
0.35 wt% C
Coarse Pearlite
Steel B
0.25 wt% C
Coarse Pearlite
Steel C
0.35 wt% C
Fine Pearlite
Rank the above steels based on carbon content and microstructures from the highest
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Using the TTT diagram for eutectoid steel, draw the specified cooling path on the diagram.
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c. Hot quench to 610°C hold 3 minutes and water quench
Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 9.13 - (a) How is raw pig iron extracted from iron oxide...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Why is the FeFe3C phase diagram a metastable...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What is the structure of pearlite? (b) Draw a...Ch. 9.13 - Distinguish between the following three types of...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 5KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Define an FeC martensite. (b) Describe the...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What is an isothermal transformation in the...Ch. 9.13 - How does the isothermal transformation diagram for...Ch. 9.13 - Draw a continuous-cooling transformation diagram...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the full-annealing heat treatment for...
Ch. 9.13 - Describe the process-annealing heat treatment for...Ch. 9.13 - What is the normalizing heat treatment for steel...Ch. 9.13 - Describe the tempering process for a plain-carbon...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the martempering (marquenching)...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Describe the austempering process for a...Ch. 9.13 - (a) Explain the numbering system used by the AISI...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What arc some of the limitations of...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What compounds docs aluminum form in steels?...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 19KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Define the hardenability of a steel. (b)...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 22KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 9.13 - What is the difference between a coherent...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Describe the three principal casting processes...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 29KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 30KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 31KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 32KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 33KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 34KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 35KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) What are the cast irons? (b) What is their...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 37KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 38KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 39KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 40KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 41KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 42KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 43KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 44KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 45KCPCh. 9.13 - (a) Why arc titanium and its alloys of special...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 47KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 48KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 49KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 50KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 51KCPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 52KCPCh. 9.13 - Describe the structural changes that take place...Ch. 9.13 - Describe the structural changes that take place...Ch. 9.13 - If a thin sample of a eutectoid plain-carbon steel...Ch. 9.13 - If a thin sample of a eutectoid plain-carbon steel...Ch. 9.13 - (a) What types of microstructures arc produced by...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.65 % C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.25% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 93 wt % ferrite7 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 45 wt% proeutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 5.9 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.90% C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A 1.10% C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - If a hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel contains...Ch. 9.13 - A hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel contains 10.7...Ch. 9.13 - A plain-carbon steel contains 20.0 wt%...Ch. 9.13 - A 0.55% C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - A hypoeutectoid steel contains 44.0 wt% eutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A hypoeutectoid steel contains 24.0 wt% eutectoid...Ch. 9.13 - A 1.10 % C hypereutectoid plain-carbon steel is...Ch. 9.13 - Draw timetemperature cooling paths for a 1080...Ch. 9.13 - Draw timetemperature cooling paths for a 1080...Ch. 9.13 - Thin pieces of 0.3-mm-thick hot-rolled strips of...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 75AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 76AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 77AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 78AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 79AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 80AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 81AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 82AAPCh. 9.13 - An austenitized 40-mm-diameter 4340 steel bar is...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 84AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 85AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 86AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 87AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 88AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 89AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 90AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 91AAPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 92AAPCh. 9.13 - (a) For a plain-carbon steel with 1 wt % carbon...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 94SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 95SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 96SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 97SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 98SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 99SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 100SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 101SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 102SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 103SEPCh. 9.13 - Both 4140 and 4340 steel alloys may be tempered to...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 105SEPCh. 9.13 - Aircraft fuselage is made of aluminum alloys 2024...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 107SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 108SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 109SEPCh. 9.13 - (a) What makes austenitic stainless steels that...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 111SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 112SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 113SEPCh. 9.13 - (a) Give examples of components or products that...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 115SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 116SEPCh. 9.13 - Prob. 117SEP
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- Second PArt Pleasearrow_forwardUse the TTT diagram for O1 Tool steel provided above to estimate the amounts ofpearlite and martensite formed in the quenched heat-treated samples.arrow_forward3.The TTT diagram of a plain carbon steel is given in Fig. 1. Identify whether this steel is a hypoeutectoid, eutectoid or hypereutectoid steel. Explain why the transformation happens slowly at 850°C as well as at 300°C. Determine the microstructures expected in this type of steel after the following heat treatment processes. a) Austenize at 900°C, quench to 400°C and hold for 1000 s and quench to 25°C. b) Austenize at 900°C, quench to 25°C. c) Austenize at 900°C, quench to 675°C and hold for 1 s, quench to 400°C and hold for 900 s and slowly cool to 25°C. 900 Acm Cs 800 A1 FezC + Y 33 Fe3C + pearlite 45 700 Ps 600 ++ Fe3C + pearlite Y+ bainite Bs 500 46 Bainite 400 Yu Bf 300 57 Ms 200 60 Mf Y+ martensite 100 62 Martensite 102 65 103 104 105 106 0.1 1 10 Time (s) Fig. 1 Temperature (°C) Rockwell C hardnessarrow_forward
- 1. Why does the tensile strength of steel, which contains only austenite at room temperature, differ fromsteel that shows only pearlite in its microstructure? Give two important reasons for the difference. 2. What general prerequ_isites exist for the formation of martensite in steel? 3. What is an isothermal transformation of a material in the solid state condition? 4. Draw a typical isothermal transformation diagram for plain .carbon eutectoid steel and indicate thevarious decomposition products expected by simple diagrammatic drawing.arrow_forwardIn your own words describe the following heat treatment procedures for steels and, for each, the intended final microstructure: (a) full annealing (b) normalizing (c) quenching (d) tempering.arrow_forwardFor the isothermal time-temperature-transformation diagram provided (next page) for an Fe-C steel, answer the following (show any work on the diagram):a. based on the phases depicted, what is the average composition for the Fe-C alloy depicted (be specific). Explain your answer. (Note: you do have the Fe-C phase diagram in your notes and in the text for reference.)b. in an isothermal heat-treatment of a pure austenite structure at 300 C, how long will it take for austenite to be completely converted to bainite after bainite first begins to form?c. A standard size, automobile engine block and a 1 mm diameter rod of the same steel composition are taken from a heat-treatment furnace and immersed in a water bath at the same temperature. Do you expect that the microstructure of both pieces will be the same or different? Justify your answer.d. note that the time required to initiate the transformation of the austenite phase tends to decrease as the isothermal treatment temperature is reduced…arrow_forward
- I need answer within 20 minutes please please with my best wishesarrow_forwardPart C. Which type of phase transformation is important in heat treatment of steels? (circle one)Peritectic Eutectic Eutectoid Incongruent meltingAt what temperature and overall composition wt% C, does it occur?Write the reaction equation for this transformation, and briefly describe the nature of each of the three important phases that are involved.arrow_forwardQ1: Austenitized 40 mm diameter 5140 alloy steel bar is quenched in agitated oil. Predict what is the Rockwell hardness of this bar will be at (a) its surface and (b) its center (c) What do you think about the difference in hardness number between the center and surface (d) Differentiate between hardness and hardenability (e) Rank the steels in the figure below from lowest to highest hardenability and explain why. 600- Bar diameter (mm) 100 80 60 40 20 0 300 0 Cooling rate at 700°C (°C/sec). -150 55 0 تنا 25 ------- 5 S 10 12.5 8 M-R L 1/2 34-R Agitated oil 15 20 ¼ ¾ Distance from quenched end. De (Jominy distance) 5,5 54 Car Bar diameter (in.) 0 25 mm. 1 in. Hardness (Rockwell C) Where (C = center, S = surface, M-R = mid-radius) 2828 292 65 60- 55- 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 J 10 5140 30 20 Distance from quenched end (mm) 4340 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distance from quenched end (sixteenths of an inch) 40 9840 4140 8640 50arrow_forward
- (b) Figure Q4 (b) displays the time-temperature cooling paths for a 1080 steel on an isothermal transformation diagram. Start with the steels in the austenitic condition at time = 0 and 850°C. Interpret the final microstructures that will be obtained for paths (i, ii and iii) shown in the figure. 700 600 500 400 300 (iii) Ms 200 (i) (ii) Mf Figure Q4 (b)arrow_forwardThe TTT diagram for a 1076 eutectoid steel is given: What is the heat treatment process to form 50% Coarse Pearlite + 50% Martensite. 800 A 1400 Eutectoid temperature 700 A 1200 600 1000 500 800 400 A 600 300 M(start) 200 50% 400 M + A M(50%) M(90%) 100 200 10-1 1 10 102 103 104 105 Time (s) Temperature (°C) Temperature (°F)arrow_forwardHow would the following heat treatment be conducted, quoting approximates temperatures, cooling rate and microstructure of:(i) Normalizing of a plain carbon steel containing 0.8 wt % C, (ii) Quenching of a plain carbon steel containing 0.8 wt % C in water (iii) Quenching of a plain carbon steel containing 0.8 wt % C in oil (iv) full annealing of a plain carbon steel containing 0.8 % C.arrow_forward
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