Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9, Problem 22CONQ
On further analysis of the DNA described in conceptual question C21, you discover that the triplex DNA in this alien organism is composed of a double helix with a third strand wound within the major groove (just like the DNA in Figure 9.15). How would you propose that this DNA is able to replicate itself? In your answer, be specific about the base-pairing rules within the double helix and which part of the triplex DNA would be replicated first.
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A solution contains DNA polymerase and the Mg ²+ salts of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and TTP. The following DNA molecules are added to aliquots of this solution. Which of them would lead to DNA synthesis? (a) A single-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide units. (b) A double-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide pairs. (c) A single-stranded closed circle of 1000 nucleotides base-paired to a linear strand of 500 nucleotides with a free 3' -OH terminus. (d) A double-stranded linear molecule of 1000 nucleotide pairs with a free 3’-OH group at each end.
On further analysis of the DNA described in conceptual questionC21, you discover that the triplex DNA in this alien organism iscomposed of a double helix with a third strand wound within themajor groove (just like the DNA in Figure shown). How would youpropose that this DNA is able to replicate itself? In your answer,be specific about the base-pairing rules within the double helixand which part of the triplex DNA would be replicated first.
You are studying a colony of cells and determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme.
A) What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? In your answer make sure to describe what would be observed in the leading and lagging strand and explain your reasoning.
B) Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? In your answer make sure to indicate whether DNA replication will be impacted or not. If it is not, explain why. If it is impacted, then describe the step that is impacted and name the molecule or enzyme involved.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 9.1 - In the experiment of Avery, McLeod, and McCarty,...Ch. 9.1 - In the Hershey and Chase experiment involving T2...Ch. 9.2 - Going from simple to complex, which of the...Ch. 9.3 - Which of the following could be the components of...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 9.6 - 1. Which of the following is not a feature of the...Ch. 9.6 - 2. A groove in the DNA refers to
a. the...
Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 9.7 - 1. A double-stranded region of RNA
a. forms a...Ch. 9 - 1. What is the meaning of the term genetic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 9 - 3. Look up the meaning of the word transformation...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 9 - 5. Draw the structures of guanine, guanosine, and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 9 - 7. Describe how bases interact with each other in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 9 - 9. What is meant by the term DNA sequence?
Ch. 9 - Make a side-by-side drawing of two DNA helices:...Ch. 9 - 11. Discuss the differences in the structural...Ch. 9 - What part(s) of a nucleotide (namely, phosphate,...Ch. 9 - List the structural differences between DNA and...Ch. 9 - Draw the structure of deoxyribose and number the...Ch. 9 - Write a sequence of an RNA molecule that could...Ch. 9 - Compare the structural features of a...Ch. 9 - Which of the following DNA double helices would be...Ch. 9 - What structural feature allows DNA to store...Ch. 9 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 9 - 22. On further analysis of the DNA described in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 23CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 9 - In what ways are the structures of an helix in a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 9 - 28. What chemical group (phosphate group, hydroxyl...Ch. 9 - The base composition of an RNA virus was analyzed...Ch. 9 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 9 - As described in Chapter 15, the methylation of...Ch. 9 - 35. An RNA molecule has the following sequence:...Ch. 9 - 1. Genetic material acts as a blueprint for an...Ch. 9 - 2. With regard to the experiment described in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3EQCh. 9 - Prob. 4EQCh. 9 - 5. With regard to Chargaff’s experiment described...Ch. 9 - 6. Gierer and Schramm exposed plant tissue to...Ch. 9 - 1. Try to propose structures for a genetic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2QSDC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The Bacteria Escherichia coli DNA genome has a molecular mass of about 3.1 X 10° D. In your answers, show how you came up to each result? (a) How many base pairs does this bacterium contain? (b) How many full double-helical turns does this DNA contain? (c) How long is this DNA in µm?arrow_forwardAs shown, five DnaA boxes are found within the origin of replication in E. coli. Take a look at these five sequences carefully. A. Are the sequences of the five DnaA boxes very similar to each other? (Hint: Remember that DNA is double-stranded; think about these sequences in the forward and reverse directions.) B. What is the most common sequence for a DnaA box? In other words, what is the most common base in the first position, second position, and so on until the ninth position? The most common sequence is called the consensus sequence. C. The E. coli chromosome is about 4.6 million bp long. Based on random chance, is it likely that the consensus sequence for a DnaA box occurs elsewhere in the E. coli chromosome? If so, why aren’t there multiple origins of replication in E. coli?arrow_forwardSuppose that E. coli synthesizes DNA at a rate of 100,000 nucleotides per minute and takes 40 minutes to replicate its chromosome. (a) How many base pairs are present in the entire E. coli chromosome? (b) What is the physical length of the chromosome in its helical configuration—that is, what is the circumference of the chromosome if it were opened into a circle?arrow_forward
- You conducted an experiment to determine the mechanism of DNA replication in the hypothetical organism Fungus mungus. Your data shows that synthesis of newly replicated DNA from F. mungus is discontinuous on both strands of the replication fork. Does this result support or not support the hypothesis that F. mungus replicates its DNA by the same mechanism as yeast? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardAll known DNA polymerases catalyze synthesis only in the 5' → 3' direction. Nevertheless, during semiconservative DNA replication in the cell, they are able to catalyze the synthesis of both daughter chains, which would appear to require synthesis in the 3' → 5' direction on one strand. Explain the process that occurs in the cell that allows for synthesis of both daughter chains by DNA polymerasearrow_forwardDeoxyadenylate residues in DNA undergo deamination fairly readily, as do deoxycytidylate residues. (a) What is the product of dAMP deamination? (b) The deamination product is known to base-pair with A, C, or T. What would be the genetic consequences if this deaminated site in DNA were not repaired and if it paired with C on the next round of replication?arrow_forward
- Below is a diagram of DNA replication as currently believed to occur in E. coli. From specific points, arrows are provided that lead to numbers. Answer the questions below relating to the locations specified by the numbers. (02) What end (5’ or 3’) of the molecule is here? (State which) What enzyme is probably functioning here to deal with supercoils in the DNA? What enzyme is probably functioning here to unwind the DNA? What nucleic acid is probably depicted here? What are these short DNA fragments usually called? What enzyme probably functions here to couple these two newly synthesized fragments of DNA? Is this strand the leading or lagging strand? What end (5’ or 3’) of the molecule is here? (State which)arrow_forwardTo prepare a sample for electrophoresis, samples of the DNA being investigated (a) are put into each of four tubes and induced to replicate (b). Also, into the first tube, an adenine terminator was added in addition to all the other nucleotides. As the complementary strand was being constructed, the terminators were occasionally incorporated wherever an adenine nucleotide was used. This random incorporation resulted in all possible lengths of DNA pieces that had an adenine on the end (c). The same process was conducted in the other tubes with thymine, guanine and cytosine terminators; one treatment for each of the four lanes in the gel. Electrophoresis separated the replicated pieces of DNA by size. Staining the gel revealed which lengths of the complementary DNA were terminated by which nucleotide terminators (d). The gel consists of four “lanes,” labeled A, T, G, and C, indicating either adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine terminated pieces of DNA. By “reading” down the gel, you…arrow_forwardSupercoiled DNA is slightly unwound compared to relaxed DNA and this enables it to assume a more compact structure with enhanced physical stability. Describe the enzymes that control the number of supercoils present in the E. coli chromosome. How much would you have to reduce the linking number to increase the number of supercoils by five?arrow_forward
- The E. coli chromosome is 1.28 mm long. Under optimal conditions the chromosome is replicated in 40 minutes. (a) What is the distance traversed by one replication fork in 1 minute? (b) If replicating DNA is in the B form (10.4 base pairs per turn), how many nucleotides are incorporated in 1 minute in one replica- tion fork? (c) If cultured human cells (such as Hela cells) replicate 1.2 m of DNA during a 5-hour S phase and at a rate of fork movement one- tenth of that seen in E. coli, how many origins of replication must the cells contain? (d) What is the average distance, in kilobase pairs, between these origins?arrow_forwardSuppose that 22% of the nucleotides of a DNA molecule are deoxyadenosine and during replication the relative amounts of available deoxynucleoside triphosphates are 22% dATP, 22% dCTP, 28% dGTP, and 28% dTTP. What deoxynucleoside triphosphate is limiting to the replication? Explain.arrow_forwardFor some DNAS it is possible to separate the two strands, after denaturation, in a CsCl gradient. (a) What property of any DNA determines where it will band in a CsCI gradient? (b) What kind of DNA might have two strands that differ sufficiently in this property that they could be separated after denaturation?arrow_forward
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