Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 9, Problem 2CONQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The processes that must occur inside an R-type bacterium to initiate the formation of a capsule.
Introduction:
Horizontal gene transfer plays a significant role in the evolution of many organisms. It occurs in three steps- transformation, conjugation, and transformation. This process is mainly observed in bacteria.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
You are given two samples of DNA, one from Clostridium perfringens and the other from
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Unfortunately, the labels on the tubes of DNA were accidentally
removed, and you do not know which DNA sample belongs to which organism. As you were
doing some work with Escherichia coli in the lab, you also have some of its DNA available as
well. The %G + %C values for each of the organisms is known (C. perfringens, 27%; M.
tuberculosis, 67%; E. coli, 50%). Based upon this information, how could you quickly
determine the source of the DNA for your two samples?
After the DNA from type S bacteria is exposed to type R bacteria,list all of the steps that you think must occur for the type R bacteriato start making a capsule.
Imagine that you are a student in Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s lab in the late 1940s. You are given five test tubes containing E. coli bacteria infected with T2 bacteriophages that have been labeled with either 32P or 35S. Unfortunately, you forget to mark the tubes and are now uncertain about which were labeled with 32P and which with 35S. You place the contents of each tube in a blender and turn it on for a few seconds to shear off the phage protein coats. You then centrifuge the contents to separate the protein coats and the cells. You check for the presence of radioactivity and obtain the following results. Which tubes contained E. coli infected with 32P-labeled phage? Explain your answer. Tube number Radioactivity present in 1 Cells 2 Protein coats 3 Protein coats 4 Cells 5 Cells
Chapter 9 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 9.1 - In the experiment of Avery, McLeod, and McCarty,...Ch. 9.1 - In the Hershey and Chase experiment involving T2...Ch. 9.2 - Going from simple to complex, which of the...Ch. 9.3 - Which of the following could be the components of...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 9.6 - 1. Which of the following is not a feature of the...Ch. 9.6 - 2. A groove in the DNA refers to
a. the...
Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 9.7 - 1. A double-stranded region of RNA
a. forms a...Ch. 9 - 1. What is the meaning of the term genetic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 9 - 3. Look up the meaning of the word transformation...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 9 - 5. Draw the structures of guanine, guanosine, and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 9 - 7. Describe how bases interact with each other in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 9 - 9. What is meant by the term DNA sequence?
Ch. 9 - Make a side-by-side drawing of two DNA helices:...Ch. 9 - 11. Discuss the differences in the structural...Ch. 9 - What part(s) of a nucleotide (namely, phosphate,...Ch. 9 - List the structural differences between DNA and...Ch. 9 - Draw the structure of deoxyribose and number the...Ch. 9 - Write a sequence of an RNA molecule that could...Ch. 9 - Compare the structural features of a...Ch. 9 - Which of the following DNA double helices would be...Ch. 9 - What structural feature allows DNA to store...Ch. 9 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 9 - 22. On further analysis of the DNA described in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 23CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 9 - In what ways are the structures of an helix in a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 9 - 28. What chemical group (phosphate group, hydroxyl...Ch. 9 - The base composition of an RNA virus was analyzed...Ch. 9 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 9 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 9 - As described in Chapter 15, the methylation of...Ch. 9 - 35. An RNA molecule has the following sequence:...Ch. 9 - 1. Genetic material acts as a blueprint for an...Ch. 9 - 2. With regard to the experiment described in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3EQCh. 9 - Prob. 4EQCh. 9 - 5. With regard to Chargaff’s experiment described...Ch. 9 - 6. Gierer and Schramm exposed plant tissue to...Ch. 9 - 1. Try to propose structures for a genetic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2QSDC
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Imagine that you are a student in Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s lab in the late 1940s. You are given five test tubes containing E. coli bacteria infected with T2 bacteriophages that have been labeled with either 32P or 35S. Unfortunately, you forget to mark the tubes and are now uncertain about which were labeled with 32P and which with 35S. You place the contents of each tube in a blender and turn it on for a few seconds to shear off the phage protein coats. You then centrifuge the contents to separate the protein coats and the cells. You check for thepresence of radioactivity and obtain the following results. Which tubes contained E. coli infected with 32P-labeled phage? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardAn E. coli colony grew on minimal medium supplemented with arginine and leucine. However, bacteria from this colony are unable to grow and form colonies on minimal medium supplemented with arginine and methionine. What is the genotype of the bacteria in this E. coli colony?arrow_forwardBelow are the events that occur when recombinant DNA procedure is performed. Identify and describe each process. Name enzyme X _____________ Outline process B Outline the process which takes place inside the bacterium.arrow_forward
- Researchers are designing several experiments to test the ability of Salmonella bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. A culture of Salmonella bacteria is exposed to the same concentrations (200 mg/L) of an antibiotic for four days. The table shows the number of isolated resistant bacteria over a four-day period. Which of the following statements best explains these results? A - The bacteria were not affected by the antibiotic. B - After being exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria altered their DNA. C - A new species of bacteria emerged after the antibiotics were introduced. D - Random mutations led some bacteria to be resistant and, over time, they increased in the population.arrow_forwardThe following image is of an agarose gel. If DNA samples were loaded to this gel and the electrophoresis experiment was started, explain what would happen and why.arrow_forwardThe following DNA sequence is from a bacteriophage that infects a pathogenic bacterium and scientists want to know if this bacteriophage could prove to be a potential treatment against it. But first scientists need to discover if different strains of this pathogen have restriction endonucleases that it may use for its own protection. They try 3 different RE’s:a) EcoR1 b) HaeIII c) BamH1 Look up the recognition sequences for the 3 Res. Enzymes above and check whether the phage genome (a snippet of which is shown below) will or will not be ‘cut’. Tell me how their experiment worked out and what their conclusion was.G A A A A G G C C A C A A G G C C G T C G A C T T T T A A A A G G C C A C A T G C G G C T T T T C C G G T G T T C C G G C AG C T GA A A AT T T T C C G G T G T A C G CCarrow_forward
- A plaque assay is performed beginning with 1 mL of a solution containing bacteriophages. This solution is serially diluted three times by combining 0.1 mL of each sequential dilution with 9.9 mL of liquid medium. Then 0.1 mL of the final dilution is plated in the plaque assay and yields 17 plaques. What is the initial density of bacteriophages in the original 1 mL?arrow_forwardYou discover a new bacteria and are interested in mapping its genome with respect to 10 genes. You are able to infer time-of-entry maps for four Hfr strains, which are pictured below. What is the map of the bacterial genome based on these Hfr experiments? Hfr1 Ga E Ne Hfr2 Sq Lix Tf Ne Hfr3 U I D Ga Hfr4 D U Sq O Sq - Lix - Tf - Ne -E- M- Ga - D -1-U O Sq - Tf - Lix -U -E-D- Ne -D -M- Ga OD-1-U- Sq - Lix - Ga - E -M- Tf - Ne OD- Ne - Ga -E- M - Sq - I-U- Tf - Lix O Lix - Ga - E - Sq -1-U- M -D- Tf - Nearrow_forwardDr. Wakefield would like to isolate recombinant plasmids from her bacterial culture using the alkaline lysis method. She is planning to use the chemicals as listed below: Solution I: 50 mM glucose, 25 mM Tris-Cl (pH 8.0), 10 mM EDTA (pH 8.0) Solution II: ??? Solution III: 5 M potassium acetate, glacial acetic acid, de-ion water Ethanol 70% (v/v) Isopropanol TE-RNAase pH 8.0 (i) (ii) (iii) Based on the chemical list above, state the content(s) of Solution II. Explain the functions of Solution II described in Q3 a) (i) in plasmid isolation. What is the role of alcohol precipitation conducted after the plasmids are obtained at the end of the procedure? Discuss the roles of ethanol and salt in alcohol precipitation step.arrow_forward
- We have two specific strains of E. coli that have shown horizontal gene transfer (HGT) when mixed. To experimentally determine the method of HGT that is happening, the following conditions are set up in different tubes of culture media: A) Donor and recipient strain mixed together (control - no treatment). B) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, DNase added (can digest DNA in solution, not within cells).C) Special tube containing a membrane filter (with pores that allow DNA and viruses to pass through, but not bacterial cells) that separates two compartments. Donor strain is added on one side, the recipient strain on the other (they are separated by the filter).D) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, with chemical that inactivates viruses (chemical affects bacteriophages in solution so they are unable to attach to cells). The results: Tubes A, B, and D: HGT was observed. Tube C: HGT was NOT observed. Based on this, which type of HGT was occurring? Conjugation,…arrow_forwardMost yeast grow suspended in culture, but some yeast grow as a film on the top of a liquid culture. These are called flor yeast. The following Southern blot is looking at the FLO11 gene that is thought to be involved in whether yeast are flor or not. DNA was isolated from four different yeast strains. Strains 1 and 3 are normal while strains 2 and 4 are flor (Fidalgo, 2006). Based on the gene map and Southern results below, what aspect of FLO11 determines whether a strain will be flor or not?arrow_forwardYou are a graduate student working to construct a single gene knockout library of Leptospiria kirschneri, one the causative agents of leptospirosis. You are looking for single gene mutants which disrupt the bacterium’s spirillum shape to determine what role this rare cellular morphology may play in disease development and progression. Using an appropriate donor strain, you introduce the plasmid shown into L. kirschneri. L. kirschneri is not able to replicate the plasmid. The repeat regions are denoted on the plasmid map as vertical black lines, the transposase is denoted as tnp, and kanamycin kinase is denoted as aph. The larger of the two regions is transposed. Following selection and counter-selection, you isolate several non-spirillum colonies, which you use to infect juvenile piglets. Most of the infected piglets develop leptospirosis. Isolating L. kirschneri from these animals reveals that it has regained its spirillum morphology. What is a likely explanation for this reversion of…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Bacterial Genomics and Metagenomics; Author: Quadram Institute;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6IdVTAFXoU;License: Standard youtube license