Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 24, Problem 5TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The antibody isotype that is formed against the rubella virus in the fetus.
Introduction:
Rubella is a type of measles also called German measles that is caused by the rubella virus. The symptoms of the infection include the development of rashes generally after two weeks of infection. Rubella is the congenital syndrome that is developed in an infant and results from maternal infection with the rubella virus during pregnancy. Rubella virus can cross the placenta and may cause serious consequences such as stillbirths, miscarriages, and several other birth defects.
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For identical twins, if one of them develops the autoimmune disorder because of genetic reason, does that necessarily means the other one will develop the disease? Or it only means the other one is more likely to have this disease than others?
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the immunological incompatibility between mother and baby?
Select one:
a. The baby’s Rh+ blood will never get in contact with the mother’s Rh– blood during the pregnancy as the placenta does not allow fetal blood cells to mix with the maternal blood.
b. When the mother has Rh– blood, anti-Rh antibody injection is given during her pregnancy to prevent any antibodies from forming.
c. If the baby is Rh+ and the mother is Rh–, it does not pose a problem as long as this is the mother’s first pregnancy.
d. Rh– blood has no rhesus factor proteins and therefore will produce antibodies for the Rh factor when exposed to Rh+ blood.
Mike, an unvaccinated university student traveled to Western Europe, where he contracted mumps (viral infection). A month after his return, his roommate, Josh, also complained of symptoms of mumps. However, Josh had received his MMR vaccination as part of his childhood immunizations. IgM antibodies were detected in Mike’s serological test but not in Josh’s bloodwork. However, circulating IgG was detected in both patients.
* IgM antibodies have a short half-life. IgG have a longer half-life (remain in an “active state” for longer, not broken down as quickly).
Why was it significant that Mike had not been vaccinated and had traveled to Western Europe?
What is the significance of finding Ig M antibodies?
Why might Josh’s serology test results have been negative for mumps IgM and positive for IgG?
Is it possible for Josh to have a mumps infection, even if he had been vaccinated as a child?
Chapter 24 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 3TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 5TQCh. 24.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2TQ
Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 3TQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24.5 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.5 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.6 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24 - Prob. 1RQCh. 24 - Prob. 2RQCh. 24 - Prob. 3RQCh. 24 - Prob. 4RQCh. 24 - Prob. 5RQCh. 24 - Prob. 6RQCh. 24 - Prob. 7RQCh. 24 - Prob. 8RQCh. 24 - Prob. 9RQCh. 24 - Prob. 10RQCh. 24 - Prob. 11RQCh. 24 - Prob. 12RQCh. 24 - Prob. 13RQCh. 24 - Prob. 14RQCh. 24 - Prob. 15RQCh. 24 - Prob. 16RQCh. 24 - Prob. 17RQCh. 24 - Prob. 18RQCh. 24 - Prob. 19RQCh. 24 - Prob. 20RQCh. 24 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24 - Prob. 3TQCh. 24 - Prob. 4TQCh. 24 - Prob. 5TQ
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- When a mother is Rh-, there is a chance the baby may have hemolytic disease of Newborns. Rh+ mothers do not have this issue. Why? Rh- moms do not have the Rh antigen in their body. A Rh- mom can have a Rh+ baby depending on the male sperm. During pregnancy, Rh- mom can be exposed to her baby's Rh antigen. Let's look at figure a) the first pregnancy. The Rh- mom is pregnant with a Rh+ baby. The baby exposes the mom to Rh antigen during pregnancy. This first baby is delivered and is ok. Figure (b) between pregnancies, the mother is exposed to the foreign antigen Rh and she makes antibodies against Rh. She now has anti-D (anti-Rh) in her body. Figure (c) her second pregnancy with a Rh+ baby. On the next pregnancy that the mom has with a baby. The mom has the anti-D (anti-Rh) antibody in her system. The antibody will attack the baby's RBCS with the Rh antigen on it. When the baby's RBC's are attacked the RBC will hemolyse (hemo=RBC; Lysis=cut). This will result in severe anemia. The lysed…arrow_forwardWhat causes hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)? Why does the condition not arise in cases of ABO incompatibility?arrow_forwardFor the following mechanism that is thought to contribute to maternal–fetal tolerance, state whether you would consider it to be an example of T cell tolerization, control of responses by regulatory lymphocytes, immune deviation or immune privilege: a) Tissues at the maternal–fetal interface are populated with non-professional APCs that lack costimulatory moleculesarrow_forward
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- For the following mechanism that is thought to contribute to maternal–fetal tolerance, state whether you would consider it to be an example of T cell tolerization, control of responses by regulatory lymphocytes, immune deviation or immune privilege: a) Placental cells express FasL and can kill Fas-expressing maternal T cells.arrow_forwardIt was stated that Rh antigens are so sparsely scattered in the red cell surface that IgG molecules bound to the Rh antigens are too far apart to fix C1q.Therefore, complement-mediated hemolysis cannot be invoked to explain hemolytic disease of the newborn. By what mechanism are the red cells destroyed?arrow_forwardThe class of immunoglobulins which can cross the placenta is -arrow_forward
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