Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 20P
The mitotic cell divisions in the early embryo of D. melanogaster occur very rapidly (every eight minutes).
| a. | If there were one bidirectional origin in the middle of each chromosome, how many |
| b. | In fact, many origins of replication are active on each chromosome during the early embryonic divisions and are spaced approximately 7 kb apart. Calculate the average rate (per second) with which DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to a growing chain in the early Drosophila embryo, making the same assumption as in part (a). |
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In a turtle species, a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle contains 22 picograms of DNA (picogram is a measure of the total mass of the DNA present). How much DNA is present in a cell of the same species at prophase II of meiosis (prophase of the second meiotic division)?
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The mitotic cell divisions in the early embryo ofD. melanogaster occur very rapidly (every eightminutes).a. If there were one bidirectional origin in the middleof each chromosome, how many nucleotides wouldDNA polymerase have to add per second to replicate all the DNA in the longest chromosome(66 Mb) during the eight-minute early embryoniccell cycles? (Assume that replication occurs duringthe entire cell division cycle.)
Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 12 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 12 - Many proteins other than histones are found...Ch. 12 - What difference exists between the compaction of...Ch. 12 - What is the role of the core histones in...Ch. 12 - a. About how many molecules of histone H2A would...Ch. 12 - The enzyme micrococcal nuclease can cleave...Ch. 12 - a. What letters are used to represent the short...Ch. 12 - About 2000 G bands are visible in a...Ch. 12 - Suppose you performed a fluorescence in situ...Ch. 12 - Which of the following would be suggested by a...
Ch. 12 - For each of the following pairs of chromatin...Ch. 12 - a. Drosophila b. Humans Give examples of...Ch. 12 - One histone modification that is seen consistently...Ch. 12 - Recently, scientists constructed a transgene that...Ch. 12 - Drosophila geneticists have isolated many...Ch. 12 - On the following figures, genes A and B are on the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17PCh. 12 - The first page of this chapter displays photos of...Ch. 12 - The human genome contains about 3 billion base...Ch. 12 - The mitotic cell divisions in the early embryo of...Ch. 12 - In an experiment published in the journal Cell in...Ch. 12 - a. What DNA sequences are found at the telomeres...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23PCh. 12 - a. In a fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH...Ch. 12 - If you are comparing the two telomeres in each...Ch. 12 - a. What DNA sequences are commonly found at human...Ch. 12 - On the graphs presented in Problem 21, no data is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 29PCh. 12 - Prob. 30PCh. 12 - In the 1920s, Barbara McClintock, later a Nobel...Ch. 12 - Give at least one example of a chromosomal...Ch. 12 - Cornelia de Lange syndrome CdLS is a rare human...Ch. 12 - a. Give at least three examples of types of...Ch. 12 - A number of yeast-derived elements were added to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36PCh. 12 - The completely synthetic yeast chromosome Syn III...
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- The mitotic cell divisions in the early embryo ofD. melanogaster occur very rapidly (every eightminutes).a. If there were one bidirectional origin in the middleof each chromosome, how many nucleotides wouldDNA polymerase have to add per second to replicate all the DNA in the longest chromosome(66 Mb) during the eight-minute early embryoniccell cycles? (Assume that replication occurs duringthe entire cell division cycle.)b. In fact, many origins of replication are active oneach chromosome during the early embryonic divisions and are spaced approximately 7 kb apart. Calculate the average rate (per second) with whichDNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotidesto a growing chain in the early Drosophila embryo,making the same assumption as in part (a)arrow_forwardIf DnaA was not regulated in Escherichia coli and multiplerounds of replication were completed before cell division,what would be the consequence to the daughter cell and why?Would the resulting cell still be considered haploid?arrow_forwardAcross 12. 9.) one of two idéntical halves of a replicated chromosomes 15 17 12.) the structure that forms during cytokinesis in plants separating the two daughter cells 8 9. 10 13.) the condition of halving more than two sets of chromosomes per. 11 12 13 |14 Down 4.) the complex of DNA and prótein that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes 15 16 17 18 5.) the condition of having one set of chromosomes (n) per nucleus 19 20 7.) the chromosome complex formed by the synapsis of a pair of homologous 4.arrow_forward
- Domesticated sheep cells have a total of 54 chromosomes (versus 46 chromosomes in human cells). (a) How many separate DNA molecules are present in a sheep liver cell at the end of the G1 phase? (b) How many separate DNA molecules are present in the daughter cells after meiosis I in the ovary of the sheep? (c) How many separate DNA molecules are present in the daughter cells after meiosis II in the ovary of the sheep?arrow_forwardHundreds of DNA double strand breaks are created by SPO11, a topoisomerase type II like protein. (i) Draw and explain how SPO11 can generate double strand breaks. (ii) What would be the consequences to the outcome of meiosis if SPO11 is absent? Explain your reason.arrow_forwardOxidative deamination of adenine produces hypoxanthine (the base of inosine), which can base pair with cytosine. (a) If no repair takes place, describe the makeup of the DNA in the two daughter cells following cell division. (b) Describe the makeup of the DNA in the four daughter cells following a second round of cell division.arrow_forward
- 3) Examine the graph showing the relative percentage normal and cancer cells spend in various stages of the cell cycle. Based on the information in the graphs, infer how cancer cells differ from typical, noncancerous cells. Select ALL that apply. A) Cancer cells do not replicate their DNA. B) Cancer cells replicate their DNA too quickly. C) Cancer cells do not go through interphase during their cell cycle. D) Cancer cells spend more time dividing compared to typical cells. E) Cancer cells do not always grow to the same size as typical cells. more than 1 answer. not gradedarrow_forward● ● Illustrate the chromosome changes in interphase and mitosis using a diploid cell that is 2n=4 (two large and two small chromosomes). Label the circles as G1 and G2 stages of interphase and each phase of mitosis (in order). Draw the chromosome in each circle using the following guidelines. 1) For unreplicated chromosome draw a line (/) and for replicated chromosome draw an X. 2) For simplicity, do not indicate that the chromosomes are decondensed chromatin during interphase. 3) Skip drawing the nuclear membrane or spindle fibers, since we are focusing on the chromosomes. Label genes in the resulting daughter cells as A/a and B/b. (These letters represent genes which are at particular places along the DNA molecule. Each chromosomes can have a thousand genes but we are focusing on these two.) Ask me Qs in class if anythign on this is not clear.arrow_forwardSuppose that E. coli synthesizes DNA at a rate of 100,000 nucleotides per minute and takes 40 minutes to replicate its chromosome. (a) How many base pairs are present in the entire E. coli chromosome? (b) What is the physical length of the chromosome in its helical configuration—that is, what is the circumference of the chromosome if it were opened into a circle?arrow_forward
- In the absence of Separase, how would this affect the chromosomes dynamic during mitosis? Explain in detail. *arrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE a.) Chromosome images are obtained from any cell type that has a nucleus. b.) Chromosomes can be obtained from reticulocytes.arrow_forward(a) Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells? (b) If there are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there? Explain your answer. (c) Diagrammatically, show a metacentric chromosome in G1 phase of the cell cycle and in G2 of the cell cycle. (d) A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce two nuclei containing how many chromosomes? (e) If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the functioning of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?arrow_forward
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