Concept explainers
The first page of this chapter displays photos of Rainbow and her clone, CC. Both cats are tabby (their colored fur has a mottled pattern) and both have white regions, mainly on their bellies and legs. However, a major difference exists in their appearances. Rainbow is a calico tabby; she has black and orange spots controlled by alleles of the X-linked O gene, where the dominant trait is black (O-) and the recessive trait is orange (oo). However, Rainbow’s clone, CC, is a black tabby; she lacks the orange spots.
CC was made by transferring into an enucleated oocyte a single nucleus from one of Rainbow’s diploid somatic cells. That diploid oocyte, a mimic of a fertilized egg, was then implanted in the uterus of a surrogate mother. (The process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer will be described in more detail in Chapter 18.)
a. | What is Rainbow’s (and CC’s) genotype for the O gene?? |
b. | Given that CC was made from a single one of Rainbow’s somatic cell nuclei, explain the difference between CC’s and Rainbow’s appearances. |
c. | Would every clone of Rainbow’s c. be a black tabby like CC, or do other possibilities exist? Explain. |
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Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
- In humans, the genes for red-green color blindness (R = normal, r = color blind) and hemophilia A (H = normal, h = hemophilia) are both X-linked and only 3 map units apart. Suppose a woman has four sons, and two are color blind but have normal blood clotting and two have hemophilia but normal color vision. What is the probable genotype of the woman? HR/hr Hr/hr hr/hR Hr/hR HR/Hrarrow_forwardLauren reports that she had a maternal male cousin (through a maternal aunt) and a maternal great uncle (maternal grandmother’s brother) both pass away from the same x-linked lethal condition. Both affected individuals did not have genetic testing. Lauren has a normal carrier screen for x-linked lethal conditions, which you know identifies 40% of causative mutations. If Lauren is currently pregnant with a male child, what is the chance that this child will have the condition?arrow_forwardAnhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is an X-linked recessive disorder in humans characterized by small teeth, no sweat glands, and sparse body hair. This trait is usually seen in men, but women who are heterozygous carriers of the trait often have irregular patches of skin with few or no sweat glands (see the illustration below). a. Explain why women who are heterozygous carriers of a recessive gene for anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia have irregular patches of skin lacking sweat glands. b. Why does the distribution of the patches of skin lacking sweat glands differ among the females depicted in the illustration, even between the identical twins?arrow_forward
- Please take a look at the attachment.arrow_forwardConsider a couple: a woman who is homozygous for a recessive mutation that causes X-linked colorblindness, and a man with full color vision (he does not carry a copy of the mutation). a) What is the probability that a son of this couple will be colorblind? b) What is the probability that a daughter of the couple will be colorblind?arrow_forwardA male has a particular X-linked recessive genetic disorder. His partner is normal, but her father had the disorder. What is the chance that their sons will have the disorder? Select one: Oa. 50% O b. 0% O c. 100% O d. impossible to determine from the information given. O e. 25% LENA C Transcribed Image Text: A male has a particular X-linked recessive genetic disorder. His partner is normal, but her father had the disorder. What is the chance that their sons will have the disorder? Select one: O a. 50% O b. 0% O c. 100% O d. impossible to determine from the information given. O e. 25% Po 11 W *****arrow_forward
- The gene causing Coffin-Lowry syndrome (OMIM 303600) was recently identified and mapped on the human X chromosome. Coffin-Lowry syndrome is a rare disorder affecting brain morphology and development. It also produces skeletal and growth abnormalities, as well as abnormalities of motor control. Coffin-Lowry syndrome affects males who inherit a mutation of the X-linked gene. Most carrier females show no symptoms of the disease but a few carriers do. These carrier females are always less severely affected than males. Offer an explanation for this finding.arrow_forwardplease answer both blanksarrow_forwardThe following X-linked recessive traits are found in fruit flies:vermilion eyes are recessive to red eyes, miniature wings are recessiveto long wings, and sable body is recessive to gray body. A cross wasmade between wild-type males with red eyes, long wings, and graybodies and females with vermilion eyes, miniature wings, and sablebodies. The heterozygous female offspring from this cross, whichhad red eyes, long wings, and gray bodies, were then crossed tomales with vermilion eyes, miniature wings, and sable bodies. Thefollowing data were obtained for the F2 generation (including bothmales and females):1320 vermilion eyes, miniature wings, sable body1346 red eyes, long wings, gray body102 vermilion eyes, miniature wings, gray body90 red eyes, long wings, sable body42 vermilion eyes, long wings, gray body48 red eyes, miniature wings, sable body2 vermilion eyes, long wings, sable body1 red eyes, miniature wings, gray bodyWhat information do you know based on the question and your…arrow_forward
- The following X-linked recessive traits are found in fruit flies:vermilion eyes are recessive to red eyes, miniature wings are recessiveto long wings, and sable body is recessive to gray body. A cross wasmade between wild-type males with red eyes, long wings, and graybodies and females with vermilion eyes, miniature wings, and sablebodies. The heterozygous female offspring from this cross, whichhad red eyes, long wings, and gray bodies, were then crossed tomales with vermilion eyes, miniature wings, and sable bodies. Thefollowing data were obtained for the F2 generation (including bothmales and females):1320 vermilion eyes, miniature wings, sable body1346 red eyes, long wings, gray body102 vermilion eyes, miniature wings, gray body90 red eyes, long wings, sable body42 vermilion eyes, long wings, gray body48 red eyes, miniature wings, sable body2 vermilion eyes, long wings, sable body1 red eyes, miniature wings, gray bodyWhat topic in genetics does this question address?arrow_forwardThe following X-linked recessive traits are found in fruit flies:vermilion eyes are recessive to red eyes, miniature wings are recessiveto long wings, and sable body is recessive to gray body. A cross wasmade between wild-type males with red eyes, long wings, and graybodies and females with vermilion eyes, miniature wings, and sablebodies. The heterozygous female offspring from this cross, whichhad red eyes, long wings, and gray bodies, were then crossed tomales with vermilion eyes, miniature wings, and sable bodies. Thefollowing data were obtained for the F2 generation (including bothmales and females):1320 vermilion eyes, miniature wings, sable body1346 red eyes, long wings, gray body102 vermilion eyes, miniature wings, gray body90 red eyes, long wings, sable body42 vermilion eyes, long wings, gray body48 red eyes, miniature wings, sable body2 vermilion eyes, long wings, sable body1 red eyes, miniature wings, gray bodyA. Calculate the map distances separating the three genes.B. Is…arrow_forwardIn Drosophila, the X-linked recessive mutation vermilion (v) causes bright red eyes, in contrast to the brick-red eyes of wild type. A separate autosomal recessive mutation, suppressor of vermilion (su-v), causes flies homozygous or hemizygous for v to have wildtype eyes. In the absence of vermilion alleles, su-v has no effect on eye color. Determine the F1 and F2 phenotypic ratios from a cross between a female with wild-type alleles at the vermilion locus, but who is homozygous for su-v, with a vermilion male who has wildtype alleles at the su-v locusarrow_forward
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