Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 2P
Many proteins other than histones are found associated with chromosomes. What roles do these nonhistone proteins play? Why do chromosomes have more different types of nonhistone than histone proteins?
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All of the following statements regarding nucleosomes are true EXCEPT
A
each bead-like structure contains 8 molecules of histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4
the bead like structures are made up of core histones wrapped around by the DNA strands
the histone proteins in the nucleosomes contain positively charged amino acids that interact with the
negatively charged DNA
D
the bead like structures are linked to each other by the DNA chain
In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is tightly packed in the form of chromatin. His-
tones are positively charged proteins. Negatively charged DNA wraps tightly
around these proteins to form nucleosomes. Additionally, there are other
mechanisms for the compaction of chromatin.
(a) Which histone(s) are critical for higher-order chromatin structure?
(b) What are the non-histone proteins responsible for structural
maintenance of chromosomes?
(c) To initiate transcription, compact DNA must partially unwind. Explain
the role of histones in this process.
(d) Micrococcal nuclease can cleaves DNA at sites where it can access DNA
without any specificity of binding to a particular sequence. If chromatin is
digested with this nuclease, even for longer periods, a uniform length of
146 bp DNA fragments will be formed. Explain.
You discover a histone variant that has more positive charge than conventional histone proteins.
What effect do you predict this histone variant would have when it is inserted into chromatin?
A decrease in the strength of histone-DNA interaction, making chromatin less condensed and increasing gene
expression
An increase in the strength of histone-DNA interaction, making chromatin less condensed and decreasing gene
expression
An increase in the strength of histone-DNA interaction, making chromatin more condensed and decreasing gene
expression
O A decrease in the strength of histone-DNA interaction, making chromatin less condensed and decreasing gene
expression
Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 12 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 12 - Many proteins other than histones are found...Ch. 12 - What difference exists between the compaction of...Ch. 12 - What is the role of the core histones in...Ch. 12 - a. About how many molecules of histone H2A would...Ch. 12 - The enzyme micrococcal nuclease can cleave...Ch. 12 - a. What letters are used to represent the short...Ch. 12 - About 2000 G bands are visible in a...Ch. 12 - Suppose you performed a fluorescence in situ...Ch. 12 - Which of the following would be suggested by a...
Ch. 12 - For each of the following pairs of chromatin...Ch. 12 - a. Drosophila b. Humans Give examples of...Ch. 12 - One histone modification that is seen consistently...Ch. 12 - Recently, scientists constructed a transgene that...Ch. 12 - Drosophila geneticists have isolated many...Ch. 12 - On the following figures, genes A and B are on the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17PCh. 12 - The first page of this chapter displays photos of...Ch. 12 - The human genome contains about 3 billion base...Ch. 12 - The mitotic cell divisions in the early embryo of...Ch. 12 - In an experiment published in the journal Cell in...Ch. 12 - a. What DNA sequences are found at the telomeres...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23PCh. 12 - a. In a fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH...Ch. 12 - If you are comparing the two telomeres in each...Ch. 12 - a. What DNA sequences are commonly found at human...Ch. 12 - On the graphs presented in Problem 21, no data is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 29PCh. 12 - Prob. 30PCh. 12 - In the 1920s, Barbara McClintock, later a Nobel...Ch. 12 - Give at least one example of a chromosomal...Ch. 12 - Cornelia de Lange syndrome CdLS is a rare human...Ch. 12 - a. Give at least three examples of types of...Ch. 12 - A number of yeast-derived elements were added to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36PCh. 12 - The completely synthetic yeast chromosome Syn III...
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- What are non-histone chromosomal proteins?arrow_forwardWhich histone is not a necessary component in the formation of nucleosornes?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about nucleosomes is NOT true? DNA is on the outside and is wrapped around the histone octamer DNA is inside the nucleosome core, surrounded by a histone octamer. Histone H1 is associated with the chromatosome. Histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 are the core histones.arrow_forward
- What is the diameter of a nucleosome?arrow_forwardName the 5 types of histones, Which form the nucleosome core and which histone holds the nucleosome together?arrow_forwardHow does histone acetylation change chromatin structure? Group of answer choices 1. Histones lose their positive charge so the negatively charged DNA is more tightly packed 2. Histones lose their positive charge so the negatively charged DNA is less tightly packed 3. Histones lose their negative charge so the positively charged DNA is more tightly packed 4. Histones lose their negative charge so the positively charged DNA is less tightly packedarrow_forward
- What is the basic difference between DNA, gene, chromosome, & chromatin? If chromosome does not condensed with histone protein, what problems may occur?arrow_forwardDescribe the basic structure of a nucleosome. What is the role of histone H1?arrow_forwardhow does histone acetlation affect chromatin structure and gene expressionarrow_forward
- Explain the following terms: Non-histone Chromosomal (NHC) proteins, euchromatin & Heterochromatin.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a common histone, but NOT part of the nucleosome core particle? O H1 OH4 O H2 O H3 O H5arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning eukaryotic chromatin is true. Histones have an overall negative charge. Euchromatin is more condensed then heterochromatin. After replication nucleosomes are made up of a mixture of old and new histone proteins. Euchromatin is associated with the centromere and telomere regions. Heterochromatin are regions of active transcription.arrow_forward
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