Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 13P
One histone modification that is seen consistently in many species is the addition of an acetyl group to the twelfth lysine in the H4 protein. If you were a geneticist working on yeast and had a clone of the H4 gene, what could you do to test whether the acetylation at this specific lysine was necessary for the functioning of chromatin?
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 12 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 12 - Many proteins other than histones are found...Ch. 12 - What difference exists between the compaction of...Ch. 12 - What is the role of the core histones in...Ch. 12 - a. About how many molecules of histone H2A would...Ch. 12 - The enzyme micrococcal nuclease can cleave...Ch. 12 - a. What letters are used to represent the short...Ch. 12 - About 2000 G bands are visible in a...Ch. 12 - Suppose you performed a fluorescence in situ...Ch. 12 - Which of the following would be suggested by a...
Ch. 12 - For each of the following pairs of chromatin...Ch. 12 - a. Drosophila b. Humans Give examples of...Ch. 12 - One histone modification that is seen consistently...Ch. 12 - Recently, scientists constructed a transgene that...Ch. 12 - Drosophila geneticists have isolated many...Ch. 12 - On the following figures, genes A and B are on the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17PCh. 12 - The first page of this chapter displays photos of...Ch. 12 - The human genome contains about 3 billion base...Ch. 12 - The mitotic cell divisions in the early embryo of...Ch. 12 - In an experiment published in the journal Cell in...Ch. 12 - a. What DNA sequences are found at the telomeres...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23PCh. 12 - a. In a fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH...Ch. 12 - If you are comparing the two telomeres in each...Ch. 12 - a. What DNA sequences are commonly found at human...Ch. 12 - On the graphs presented in Problem 21, no data is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 29PCh. 12 - Prob. 30PCh. 12 - In the 1920s, Barbara McClintock, later a Nobel...Ch. 12 - Give at least one example of a chromosomal...Ch. 12 - Cornelia de Lange syndrome CdLS is a rare human...Ch. 12 - a. Give at least three examples of types of...Ch. 12 - A number of yeast-derived elements were added to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36PCh. 12 - The completely synthetic yeast chromosome Syn III...
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- Genes are not always active in cells. The cell has evolved to edit its chromatin state in accord with the energy needs of the cell and organism. What are these two kinds of chromatin called and how does chromatin modeling work in cells? Name four of the known families of chromatin remodeling complexes enzyme complexes that act directly on DNA to alter nucleosome composition in transcribed regions.arrow_forwardThe following image shows the 'beads-on-a-string' model of DNA and the effects of histone modification on chromatin structure. What effect does histone acetylation have on Gene 1? Gene 1 De-acetylation Acetylation Ac Ac Gene 1 Ac Ac Ac O Acetylation increases expression of Gene 1 O Acetylation decreases expression of Gene 1 O Acetylation causes a mutation in Gene 1 O There is no way to tell from this figurearrow_forwardYou are studying a large eukaryotic gene that is 439,515 base pairs long. You find the polypeptide that this gene produces in liver cells is 46,771 amino acids long. Your colleague studies the function of this gene in brain cells, and finds the polypeptide produced in the brain is much larger – 61,438 amino acids long. How do you explain this difference? Possible Answers: A. The cell cycle of liver cells is much longer than that of brain cells. B. This is due to alternative splicing. in the brain C. There was a different complement of sequence-specific transcription factor binding sites in the CRM of the brain cells. D. There is no 5' cap added to the gene product from the liver cells.arrow_forward
- Mammals contain a diploid genome consisting of at least 109 bp. If this amount of DNA is present as chromatin fibers, where each group of 200 bp of DNA is combined with 9 histones into a nucleosome and each group of 6 nucleosomes is combined into a solenoid, achieving a final packing ratio of 50, determine (a) the total number of nucleosomes in all fibers, (b) the total number of histone molecules combined with DNA in the diploid genome, and (c) the combined length of all fibers.arrow_forwardIn the first figure of “DNMT3L Connects Unmethylated Lysine 4 of Histone H3 to de novo Methylation of DNA,” the authors determined that the DNMT3L protein interacts with several histone proteins. Using Figure a and b (from that paper), explain how each of the 4 histones interact with DNMT3L.arrow_forwardEuchromatin is said to be transcriptionally-active while Heterochromatin is said to be transcriptionally-inactive. What does this mean?arrow_forward
- Describe the basic structure of a nucleosome. What is the role of histone H1?arrow_forwardYou would like to add a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys to a protein that is usually found in the cytoplasm of a yeast cell. To accomplish this, you introduce the nucleotide sequence encoding the NLS into the gene that encodes the cytoplasmic protein of interest. a. What is the size of the nucleotide insert that will encode the NLS? Briefly explain. 5' 3' b. Below is a diagram of the gene encoding the cytoplasmic protein of interest in the yeast genome. If your goal is to put the NLS at the carboxyl (C) terminus of the protein, at which location (A-E) should the NLS be inserted? Briefly explain. A TATAA ATATT promoter +1 B ATG TAC D TAA ATT stop codon E 3' 5'arrow_forwardExpression of recombinant proteins in yeast is an important tool for biotechnology companies that produce new drugs for human use. In an attempt to get a new gene X expressed in yeast, a researcher has integrated gene X into the yeast genome near a telomere. Will this strategy result in good expression of gene X? Why or why not? Would the outcome of this experiment differ if the experiment had been performed in a yeast line containing mutations in the H3 or H4 histone tails?arrow_forward
- A cell is homozygous for a LOF mutation in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene. Which of the following is/are true? a. Chromatin in the cell will be more condensed than usual, decreasing expression of genes that should be expressed. b. This will lead to histones with more positive charges on their tails, increasing the interaction between histones and the DNA backbone. c. This will lead to a decrease in DNA methylation and therefore cause an increase in gene expression. d. Chromatin in the cell will be less condensed than usual, increasing expression of genes that should not be expressed.arrow_forwardA plant geneticist was examining the inversion mutation XI 501 in barley where a segment of DNA is removed, flipped, and reinserted in reverse order. The original protein functioned to assist in the separation of daughter cells during meiosis. A model of the initiation of normal protein translation is shown in the diagram. The action of the mutation is shown in orange. Using the model, which of the following predicts how the XI 501 mutation affects the protein produced? A - It creates a protein with the order of amino acids reversed, causing the protein to fold backward, reducing pollen functionality. B - It creates a nonsense protein that does not function in the cell, causing the cell to use energy to remove the proteins, reducing pollen fertility. C - It creates a protein that terminates at the mutation, causing the pollen to carry more than one copy of the genetic material in each granule. D - It creates a protein with half the amino acids correct and half reversed, reducing…arrow_forwardWhy do chromatin remodeling factors exist? Remodeling factors are not essential but help regulate gene expression. Nucleosomes are intrinsically immobile on a biological timescale at physiological conditions. Remodeling factors are essential regulators of gene expression through covalent modification of histone tails.arrow_forward
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