Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined.
Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.
(b)
Interpretation: The rank of below bases from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of their
Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.
(c)
Interpretation: The rank of below anions from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of resonance should be determined.
Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.
(d)
Interpretation: The quantity and quality of resonance structures of below anions can affect their potential energy should be summarized.
Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- Draw the structure of the conjugate base of water. (Note that it does not appear in Figure 4.11).arrow_forwardFor each molecule below, draw the conjugate acid or conjugate base or both if the molecule hasboth a conjugate acid and a conjugate base (e.g., water).arrow_forwardSynthesis also label any major/minor/trace productsarrow_forward
- I can not see what I have done wrong here. Can someone see the base/bases that do not belong in these columns? It wants to know what bases favor E1 or E2 Reactions.arrow_forwardAdd curved arrows to show the forming and breaking of bonds in the reaction below. C с Ċ Add/Remove steparrow_forwardConsidering the following reaction, draw the structures of A and B in the sketchpad. HO. ELOH / H2SO4 NH3 A B Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. • Separate structures with + signs from the drop-down menu.arrow_forward
- a. Find starting materials in product. b. Find afunctional group in the product. What reaction do you know can be used to make this functional group? c. Write out the starting material and conditions necessary to make this functional grouparrow_forwardEe.57.arrow_forward2. For the acid/base reaction below: a. Draw electron-pushing arrows to show how the reactants are converted to the products. b. Circle the side of the equilibrium that is favored. mot c. Draw a reaction coordinate diagram for the acid/base reaction. E reaction coordinatearrow_forward
- Consider an oxygen atom contained in a neutral molecule, like those in Model 1. Give the name for the electrons around the oxygen that are not involved in a covalent bond. What bond angle is formed when oxygen forms two single bonds? What shape is formed? Which functional groups in Model 1 are polar? When a carbon atom forms a double bond to an oxygen atom, it is called a carbonyl group. Which functional groups in Model 1 contain a carbonyl group?arrow_forwardThis question has multiple parts. Work all the parts to get the most points. For the reaction below: CH3CH₂O a Draw the major organic product. O HCI catalyst H₂O • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. ChemDoodleⓇ Þarrow_forward2. For each of the following pair of reactions, CIRCLE the reaction that will occur faster (A or B). A A A H. 1 Br Br CH3ONa CH3OH NaCN ACN Nal DMSO B B B |||||| Br CI Br CH3ONa CH3OH NaCN ACN Nal DMSOarrow_forward
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