The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined. Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 28CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined.

Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below bases from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of their pKa data should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below anions from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of resonance should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The quantity and quality of resonance structures of below anions can affect their potential energy should be summarized.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

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1. For each statement, pick the correct answer. a. In the reaction below, SO,2 is Select] v (an acid, a base), H3O* is [ Select ] HSO4 is ( Select] , and H2O is [ Select ] H,0* = HSO; H20 b. For this reaction, the conjugate of SO, is ISelect] v and the conjugate of H3O* is (Select] C. According to Table 2, the stronger of the two acids in this reaction is [ Select ) and the weaker of the two acids is ( Select ] d. At equilibrium, there will be more SO42- and H30+ than I

1. An acid-base reaction is shown below. ONa + Base Acid Draw the arrow-pushing mechanism for this reaction. b. Draw the products for the reaction and label them as "conjugate base" and "conjugate I | acid." Be sure to assign formal charges. c. Consider the base and conjugate base. Using your four tools, identify the weakest conjugate base and put a box around it. Which tool did you use to determine your answer? d. Using the pKa chart in you lecture notes, label the acid and conjugate acid with their pK, values. Which functional group is the stronger acid? e. Equilibrium moves away from the stronger acid (it wants to dissociate) and toward the more stable conjugate base (lower energy side). Based on your answers to the previous questions, which side of the reaction is favored by equilibrium, left or right? HIN:

1. Products A and B combine to make up over 90% of the product mixture. H-CI CI В D ČI A a. For each of the structure A-D, attach an H atom to the carbon that in fact added an H b. Classify each of the four structures as either a 1,2 or 1,4 addition product c. Draw the resonance structures for the cation that leads to both product A+B, and also draw the resonance structure for the cation that leads to both product C+D. d. Draw the mechanism for the formation of products A and B above.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 28CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined.

Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below bases from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of their pKa data should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below anions from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of resonance should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The quantity and quality of resonance structures of below anions can affect their potential energy should be summarized.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 28CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined.

Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below bases from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of their pKa data should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below anions from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of resonance should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The quantity and quality of resonance structures of below anions can affect their potential energy should be summarized.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 28CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined.

Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below bases from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of their pKa data should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below anions from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of resonance should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The quantity and quality of resonance structures of below anions can affect their potential energy should be summarized.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 28CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined.

Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below bases from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of their pKa data should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below anions from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of resonance should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The quantity and quality of resonance structures of below anions can affect their potential energy should be summarized.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 28CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined.

Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 28CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined.

Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below bases from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of their pKa data should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below bases from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of their pKa data should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below anions from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of resonance should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below anions from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of resonance should be determined.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The quantity and quality of resonance structures of below anions can affect their potential energy should be summarized.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The quantity and quality of resonance structures of below anions can affect their potential energy should be summarized.

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

Answer 14

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Answer 17

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structures should be determined.

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