The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction. Concept introduction: Ritter reaction: Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Question

Show how you would synthesize each compound, starting with an ester containing nomore than eight carbon atoms. Any other necessary reagents may be used.(a) Ph3C¬OH (b) (PhCH2)2CHOH

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23, Problem 23.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction.

Concept introduction:

Ritter reaction:

Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

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Show how you would synthesize each compound, starting with an ester containing nomore than eight carbon atoms. Any other necessary reagents may be used.(a) Ph3C¬OH (b) (PhCH2)2CHOH

The following questions concern ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate.(a) Write a chemical equation showing how you could prepare ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)-carboxylate by a Dieckmann cyclization.(b) Write a chemical equation showing how you could prepare ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)-carboxylate by acylation of a ketone.(c) Write structural formulas for the two most stable enol forms of ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate.(d) Write the three most stable resonance contributors to the most stable enolate derived from ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate.(e) Show how you could use ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate to prepare 2-methylcyclohexanone.(f) Give the structure of the product formed on treatment of ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)-carboxylate with acrolein (H2C=CHCH=O) in ethanol in the presence of sodium ethoxide

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23, Problem 23.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction.

Concept introduction:

Ritter reaction:

Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23, Problem 23.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction.

Concept introduction:

Ritter reaction:

Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23, Problem 23.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction.

Concept introduction:

Ritter reaction:

Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction.

Concept introduction:

Ritter reaction:

Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction.

Concept introduction:

Ritter reaction:

Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction.

Concept introduction:

Ritter reaction:

Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 10

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Answer 21

Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. AQ Ch. 23.5 - What is the hybridization of the nitrogen in...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. CQ Ch. 23.5 - The pKas of the conjugate acids of aniline and...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. EQ

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction. Concept introduction: Ritter reaction: Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism for the Ritter reaction. Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction.

Concept introduction:

Ritter reaction:

Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Chapter 23 Solutions

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction. Concept introduction: Ritter reaction: Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism for the Ritter reaction. Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Interpretation: The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction. Concept introduction: Ritter reaction: Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Interpretation: The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4. Concept introduction: Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Chapter 23 Solutions

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the Ritter reaction.

Concept introduction:

Ritter reaction:

Alcohol reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid and water gives amide.

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when using acetonitrile instead of hydrogen cyanide followed by reduction using LiAlH4.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.