Structural features common in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be listed. Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia ( N H 3 ) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group. Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form. If nitrogen atom of amine group is attached with four atoms or group of atoms then the compound is a quaternary ammonium. Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy. sp 3 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital. sp 2 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals. sp hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural features common in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

If nitrogen atom of amine group is attached with four atoms or group of atoms then the compound is a quaternary ammonium.

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

sp3 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.

sp2 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.

sp hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are present in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be showed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are (1) the compound should contain a quaternary carbon atom that is (2) attached to an aromatic ring and (3) there must be two carbon-carbon single bonds present between the quaternary carbon and nitrogen atom of an amine.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural features common in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

If nitrogen atom of amine group is attached with four atoms or group of atoms then the compound is a quaternary ammonium.

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

sp3 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.

sp2 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.

sp hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are present in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be showed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are (1) the compound should contain a quaternary carbon atom that is (2) attached to an aromatic ring and (3) there must be two carbon-carbon single bonds present between the quaternary carbon and nitrogen atom of an amine.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural features common in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

If nitrogen atom of amine group is attached with four atoms or group of atoms then the compound is a quaternary ammonium.

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

sp3 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.

sp2 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.

sp hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are present in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be showed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are (1) the compound should contain a quaternary carbon atom that is (2) attached to an aromatic ring and (3) there must be two carbon-carbon single bonds present between the quaternary carbon and nitrogen atom of an amine.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural features common in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

If nitrogen atom of amine group is attached with four atoms or group of atoms then the compound is a quaternary ammonium.

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

sp3 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.

sp2 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.

sp hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are present in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be showed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are (1) the compound should contain a quaternary carbon atom that is (2) attached to an aromatic ring and (3) there must be two carbon-carbon single bonds present between the quaternary carbon and nitrogen atom of an amine.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural features common in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

If nitrogen atom of amine group is attached with four atoms or group of atoms then the compound is a quaternary ammonium.

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

sp3 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.

sp2 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.

sp hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are present in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be showed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are (1) the compound should contain a quaternary carbon atom that is (2) attached to an aromatic ring and (3) there must be two carbon-carbon single bonds present between the quaternary carbon and nitrogen atom of an amine.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural features common in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

If nitrogen atom of amine group is attached with four atoms or group of atoms then the compound is a quaternary ammonium.

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

sp3 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.

sp2 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.

sp hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural features common in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

If nitrogen atom of amine group is attached with four atoms or group of atoms then the compound is a quaternary ammonium.

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

sp3 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.

sp2 hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.

sp hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are present in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be showed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are (1) the compound should contain a quaternary carbon atom that is (2) attached to an aromatic ring and (3) there must be two carbon-carbon single bonds present between the quaternary carbon and nitrogen atom of an amine.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are present in meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene has to be showed.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Structural requirements in Beckett-Casey rules are (1) the compound should contain a quaternary carbon atom that is (2) attached to an aromatic ring and (3) there must be two carbon-carbon single bonds present between the quaternary carbon and nitrogen atom of an amine.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. AQ Ch. 23.5 - What is the hybridization of the nitrogen in...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. CQ Ch. 23.5 - The pKas of the conjugate acids of aniline and...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. EQ

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia with one or more hydrogens replaced with an alkyl group.

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Chapter 23 Solutions