Chapter 23, Problem 23.49P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis has to be shown for the given compounds.

Concept introduction:

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis. Nitronium ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{+}}\right)$ is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{+}}\right)$ is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

Reduction: nitro group undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like metals like Ni or Pt with hydrogen which provides amines.

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.