Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted. Concept introduction: According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s pk a -values determine their direction of reaction. Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Lesser the pk a - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low pk a -value to the products of high pk a value

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 1

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 2

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, acetate anion is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 3

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 11

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 12

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, water is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

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Students have asked these similar questions

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 11

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 12

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, water is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 12

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, water is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 12

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, water is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 12

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, water is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 1

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 2

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, acetate anion is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 1

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 2

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, acetate anion is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 3

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 4

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, triethylammonium cation is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 13

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 3

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 4

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, triethylammonium cation is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

$PhC≡CH + NH3 ⇌Phenylacetylene Ammonia$

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

$PhC≡CH + NH3 ⇀↽ PhC≡C− + NH4+pKa ∼25 pKa 9.26$

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, phenyl acetylene is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the left.

Answer 19

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

Answer 20

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

$PhC≡CH + NH3 ⇌Phenylacetylene Ammonia$

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

$PhC≡CH + NH3 ⇀↽ PhC≡C− + NH4+pKa ∼25 pKa 9.26$

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, phenyl acetylene is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the left.

Answer 21

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

$PhC≡CH + iPr2N− Li+ ⇌Phenylacetylene LDA$

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

$PhC≡CH + iPr2N− Li+ ⇌ PhC≡C− + iPr2NH pKa ∼25 pKa ∼40$

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, amine is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 25

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

Answer 26

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

$PhC≡CH + iPr2N− Li+ ⇌Phenylacetylene LDA$

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

$PhC≡CH + iPr2N− Li+ ⇌ PhC≡C− + iPr2NH pKa ∼25 pKa ∼40$

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, amine is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 27

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 28

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer 30

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 5

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 6

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, triethylammonium chloride is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the left.

Answer 31

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

Answer 32

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 5

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 6

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, triethylammonium chloride is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the left.

Answer 33

(e)

Expert Solution

Answer 34

(e)

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 7

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 8

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, 1-phenyl-2-propanammonium ion is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 37

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

Answer 38

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 7

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 8

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, 1-phenyl-2-propanammonium ion is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 39

(f)

Expert Solution

Answer 40

(f)

Expert Solution

Answer 41

Expert Solution

Answer 42

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 9

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 10

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, amphetamine hydrochloride is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the left.

Answer 43

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

Answer 44

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 9

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 10

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, amphetamine hydrochloride is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the left.

Answer 45

(g)

Expert Solution

Answer 46

(g)

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Expert Solution

Answer 48

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 11

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 12

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, water is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.

Answer 49

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s $pka$ -values determine their direction of reaction.

Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.

Lesser the $pka$ - value of compound will be more acidic. So the equilibrium follows the direction of compounds having low $pka$ -value to the products of high $pka$ value

Answer 50

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 11

According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 23, Problem 23.30P , additional homework tip 12

Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.

Here, water is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.