Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 17P
In the mating between two haploid yeast strains depicted in Problem 16, describe a scenario that would result in a tetratype ascus in which all four spores are viable.
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Indicate the percentage of tetrads that would have 0,1, 2, 3, or 4 viable spores after Saccharomycescerevisiae a / α diploids of the following genotypesare sporulated:a. A true-breeding wild-type strain (with no mutations in any gene essential for viability).b. A strain heterozygous for a null (completely inactivating) mutation in a single essential gene.For the remaining parts of this problem, considercrosses between yeast strains of the form a × b, wherea and b are both temperature-sensitive mutations indifferent essential genes. The cross is conducted under permissive (low-temperature) conditions. Indicatethe percentage of tetrads that would have 0, 1, 2, 3, or4 viable spores subsequently measured under restrictive (high-temperature) conditions.c. a and b are unlinked, and both are 0 m.u. from thecentromere.d. a and b are unlinked; a is 0 m.u. from the centromere, while b is 10 m.u. from the centromere.e. a and b are 0 m.u. apart.f. a and b are 10 m.u. apart. Assume all…
You cross two yeast strains one is an ade auxotroph the other is a pro auxotroph and allow
the diploid to sporulate. When you score each spore in the ascus you find the following
proportions: 518 PD, 8 NPD, and 225 T.
a.) What are the genotypes of each spore in all three types of the tetrads.
b) Are these genes linked why or why not?
c.) If these genes are unlinked what would you expect the progeny numbers and ratios to
be?
d.) What is the formula to determine the most accurate distance between these genes? If
linked what is the map distance?
A heterozygous diploid yeast Aa Bb went through meiosis. What percentage of the haploid spores will have recombinant combinations of alleles?
What if genes A and B are unlinked? Explain
What is genes A and B are linked? Explain
Chapter 13 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 13 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2PCh. 13 - For each of the following types of chromosomal...Ch. 13 - For the following types of chromosomal...Ch. 13 - One of the X chromosomes in a particular...Ch. 13 - A diploid strain of yeast was made by mating a...Ch. 13 - The two graphs that follow represent genomic...Ch. 13 - A series of chromosomal mutations in Drosophila...Ch. 13 - Indicate which of the four major classes of...Ch. 13 - The recessive, X-linked z1 mutation of the...
Ch. 13 - Genes a and b are 21 m.u. apart when mapped in...Ch. 13 - In the following group of figures, the pink lines...Ch. 13 - Three strains of Drosophila Bravo, X-ray, and...Ch. 13 - Two yeast strains were mated and sporulated...Ch. 13 - Suppose a haploid yeast strain carrying two...Ch. 13 - In the mating between two haploid yeast strains...Ch. 13 - During ascus formation in Neurospora, any...Ch. 13 - In the following figure, black and pink lines...Ch. 13 - In Drosophila, the gene for cinnabar eye color is...Ch. 13 - Semisterility in corn, as seen by unfilled ears...Ch. 13 - A promising biological method for insect control...Ch. 13 - Prob. 23PCh. 13 - a. Among the progeny of a self-fertilized...Ch. 13 - Duchenne muscular dystrophy DMD is caused by a...Ch. 13 - WHIM syndrome is a disease of the immune system...Ch. 13 - Explain how transposable elements can cause the...Ch. 13 - The Drosophila genome normally harbors about 40 P...Ch. 13 - Drosophila P elements were discovered because of a...Ch. 13 - Flies homozygous for mutant alleles of a...Ch. 13 - Fred and Mary have a child named Bob. The genomic...Ch. 13 - Uniparental disomy is a rare phenomenon in which...Ch. 13 - Among adults with Turner syndrome, it has been...Ch. 13 - In Neurospora, his2 mutants require the amino acid...Ch. 13 - Human geneticists interested in the effects of...Ch. 13 - The incidence of Down syndrome will be very high...Ch. 13 - The Drosophila chromosome 4 is extremely small;...Ch. 13 - Down syndrome is usually caused by having a...Ch. 13 - Common red clover, Trifolium pratense, is a...Ch. 13 - The numbers of chromosomes in the somatic cells of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 41PCh. 13 - Somatic cells in organisms of a particular diploid...Ch. 13 - An allotetraploid species has a genome composed of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 44PCh. 13 - Chromosomes normally associate during meiosis I as...Ch. 13 - Using whole-genome sequencing, how could you...Ch. 13 - Prob. 47PCh. 13 - Prob. 48PCh. 13 - Seedless watermelons that you find in the...Ch. 13 - The names of hybrid animals are usually themselves...Ch. 13 - While most animals cannot tolerate polyploidy,...Ch. 13 - What characteristic property of translocations...Ch. 13 - Prob. 53PCh. 13 - In the accompanying figure, the top and bottom...Ch. 13 - Prob. 55PCh. 13 - The accompanying figure shows idiograms of human...Ch. 13 - Prob. 57P
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- The long-nosed cusimanse is a diploid organism with n=18. According to wikipedia, the cusimanse has a weasel-shaped body with dark or reddish brown fur and weighs ~2 lbs at maturity. Laotia For each of the following, indicate the total number of chromosomes, the number of pairs of homologous chromosomes and the number of pairs of sister chromatids. Indicate if the cell in question is diploid or haploid and if the daughter cell will be diploid or haploid. A. A non-dividing skin cell Total number of chromosomes: Number of pairs of homologous chromosomes: Number of pairs of sister chromatids: boxe Diploid or haploid? B. A cell is metaphase of mitosis: Total number of chromosomes: Number of pairs of homologous chromosomes: Number of pairs of sister chromatids: Diploid or haploid? Daughter cell diploid or haploid? C. Cell in prophase meiosis I: Total number of chromosomes: Number of pairs of homologous chromosomes: Number of pairs of sister chromatids: Diploid or haploid? Daughter cell…arrow_forwardThe life cycle of the haploid fungus Ascobolus is similar tothat of Neurospora. A mutational treatment producedtwo mutant strains, 1 and 2, both of which when crossedwith wild type gave unordered tetrads, all of the followingtype (fawn is a light brown color; normally, crosses produce all black ascospores):spore pair 1 black spore pair 3 fawnspore pair 2 black spore pair 4 fawna. What does this result show? Explain.The two mutant strains were crossed. Most of the unordered tetrads were of the following type:spore pair 1 fawn spore pair 3 fawnspore pair 2 fawn spore pair 4 fawnb. What does this result suggest? Explain.When large numbers of unordered tetrads were screenedunder the microscope, some rare ones that containedblack spores were found. Four cases are shown here:Case A Case B Case C Case Dspore pair 1 black black black blackspore pair 2 black fawn black abortspore pair 3 fawn fawn abort fawnspore pair 4 fawn fawn abort fawn(Note: Ascospores with extra genetic material…arrow_forwardA cross was performed between a yeast strain that requires methionine and lysine for growth (met− lys−)and another yeast strain, which is met+ lys+. One hundred asci were dissected, and colonies were grownfrom the four spores in each ascus. Cells from thesecolonies were tested for their ability to grow on petriplates containing either minimal medium (min), min+ lysine (lys), min + methionine (met), or min + lys+ met. The asci could be divided into two groupsbased on this analysis:Group 1: In 89 asci, cells from two of the four spore colonies couldgrow on all four kinds of media, while the other two spore coloniescould grow only on min + lys + met.Group 2: In 11 asci, cells from one of the four spore colonies couldgrow on all four kinds of petri plates. Cells from a second one ofthe four spore colonies could grow only on min + lys plates andon min + lys + met plates. Cells from a third of the four sporecolonies could only grow on min + met plates and on min + lys+ met. Cells from the…arrow_forward
- Imagine that you have done a cross between two strains of yeast, one of which has the genotype A B C and the other a b c, where the letters refer to three closely linked genes in the order given. You examine many tetrads resulting from this cross, and the two tetrads below are found that have atypical scoring patterns. In tetrad I, the spores are A B C, ABC, a B c, and a b c. In tetrad II, the spores are A B C, A b c, a b C, and a b c. Which tetrad or tetrads indicate(s) that gene conversion has occurred AND show(s) that recombination has occurred between genes A and C? O neither tetrads I and II O tetrad II O tetrad I O both tetrads I and IIarrow_forwardConsider a species of wasp in which females are diploid and come from fertilized eggs, while males are haploid and come from unfertilized eggs. Assuming that a queen mates with only one male, determine the coefficient of relationship (r) for each of the following. a)A female (worker) to her sister: b)A female (worker) to her brother: c)A female (worker) to her fatherarrow_forwardFor a haploid fungus, the starting point in the biosynthesis of the amino acid arginine is Compound X, which is always present in and absorbed from the environment. The arginine biosynthetic pathway is: Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme Ç Compound X It is know that genes encoding enzymes A and C are on two different chromosomes. Compound Y Compound Z- Arginine A mutant strain of genotype a (lacking only enzyme A) is crossed to a mutant strain of genotype c (lacking only enzyme C) to generate a diploid strain. Sporulation (i.e. meiosis) is subsequently induced in the resulting diploid strain. What proportion of the spores (haploids formed by sporulation) is expected to grow on medium without arginine but supplemented with Compound Y? O 100% 50% 0% 25%arrow_forward
- A single yeast cell placed on a solid agar will dividemitotically to produce a colony of about 107cells. Ahaploid yeast cell that has a mutation in the ade2 genewill produce a red colony; an ade2+ colony will bewhite. Some of the colonies formed from diploidyeast cells with a genotype of ade2+/ ade2− willcontain sectors of red within a white colony.a. How would you explain these sectors?b. Although the white colonies are roughly the samesize, the red sectors within some of the whitecolonies vary markedly in size. Why? Do youexpect the majority of the red sectors to be relativelylarge or relatively small?arrow_forwardIn considering the formation of the A–P and D–V axes inDrosophila, we noted that, for mutations such as bcd,homozygous mutant mothers uniformly produce mutant offspring with segmentation defects. This outcomeis always true regardless of whether the offspring themselves are bcd+/bcd or bcd/bcd. Some other maternaleffect lethal mutations are different, in that the mutantphenotype can be “rescued” by introducing a wild-typeallele of the gene from the father. In other words, forsuch rescuable maternal-effect lethals, mut+/mut animals are normal, whereas mut/mut animals have the mutant defect. Explain the difference between rescuableand nonrescuable maternal-effect lethal mutations.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the life cycle of the fungus Neurospora. The adult stage of the Neurospora is a multicellular haploid: a. Between which two stages of the Neurospora life cycle do most mitotic cell divisions occur? b. Neurospora has an arginine amino acid synthesis pathway shown below: Suppose I have a neurospora strain that has a mutation such that it will not grow unless I supplement the media (food) with arginine (but not with citrulline or ornithine). What gene is mutated? Explain your reasoning. c. Suppose I take the strain above that only grows with arginine supplements and cross it to a different mutant Neurospora strain that grows with arginine and citrulline supplements but not ornithine supplements. Assming genes A, B and C are unlinked and there is only one mutation per strain: i) What percentage of the progeny will grow on ornithine? ii) What percentage on citrulline? iii) What percentage on arginine? Show your work for i), ii) and iii). [Can be answered in less…arrow_forward
- The following results are derived from crosses between Neurospora strain xy and strain ++: Tetrad Class 3 4 ху x+ x+ xy ++ ++ ++ +y +y ху +y 25 ++ 3 124 4 (i) Name the ascus type of each class from 1 to 4 as P, NP or T. (ii) Are genes x and y linked? Explain your answer. (iii) If they are linked, determine the map distance between the two genes. If they are unlinked, provide all the information you can about why you draw this conclusion.arrow_forwardNeurospora of genotype a + c are crossed withNeurospora of genotype + b +. (Here, + is shorthandfor the wild-type allele.) The following tetrads areobtained (note that the genotype of the four sporepairs in an ascus are listed, rather than listing alleight spores):a + c a b c + + c + b c a b + a + ca + c a b c a + c a b c a b + a b c+ b + + + + + b + + + + + + c + + ++ b + + + + a b + a + + + + c + b +137 141 26 25 2 3a. In how many cells has meiosis occurred to yieldthese data?b. Give the best genetic map to explain these results.Indicate all relevant genetic distances, both betweengenes and between each gene and the centromere.c. Diagram a meiosis that could give rise to oneof the three tetrads in the class at the far right inthe listarrow_forwardMap distances were determined for four differentgenes (MAT, HIS4, THR4, and LEU2) on chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae:HIS4 ↔ MAT 37 cMTHR4 ↔ LEU2 35 cMLEU2 ↔ HIS4 23 cMMAT ↔ LEU2 16 cMMAT ↔ THR4 20 cMWhat is the order of genes on the chromosome?arrow_forward
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