Principles of General, Organic, Biological Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511191
Author: Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 12.88AP
Label each of the following objects as chiral or achiral: (a) boot; (b) index card; (c) scissors; (d) drinking glass.
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Which objects are asymmetric (have no plane of symmetry): (a) a circular clock face; (b) a football; (c) a dime; (d) a brick; (e) a hammer; (f) a spring?
Cortisone is a compound that is used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat
2)
diseases like arthritis. Cortisone is a steroid which contains four rings (A, B, C and D), and
has the following structure:
он
"OH
Cortisone
Provide the data to complete each of the following statements:
The total number of chiral carbons (stereocentres) in Cortisone is
The maximum number of stereoisomers possible is:
The degree of unsaturation (IHD) of Cortisone is
The total number of 2° hydrogens is
The ring fusion between rings B and C is trans or cis?
The absolute configuration of the carbon with * in the structure is
The total number of n bonds is
The structural formula for the open-chain form of
D-mannose is
CH
НО—С—Н
Но-с—н
Н—С—ОН
Н—ҫ—ОН
CH-OН
(a) Is this molecule a sugar? (b) How many chiral carbons
are present in the molecule? (c) Draw the structure of the
six-member-ring form of this molecule.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Principles of General, Organic, Biological Chemistry
Ch. 12.1 - a. Label the hydroxyl groups, thiols, halogens,...Ch. 12.1 - Draw out each compound to clearly show what groups...Ch. 12.2 - Classify each alcohol as 1, 2, or 3.Ch. 12.2 - Classify each hydroxyl group in sorbitol as 1, 2,...Ch. 12.2 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 12.2 - Label each compound as water soluble or water...Ch. 12.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 12.2 - Give the structure corresponding to each name. a....Ch. 12.3 - Name each ether. a. CH3OCH2CH2CH2CH3 b....Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.10P
Ch. 12.3 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.12PCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.13PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.14PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.15PCh. 12.6 - Give the structure corresponding to each name. a....Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 12.17PCh. 12.8 - Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde. a....Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 12.19PCh. 12.8 - Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde depicted in...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 12.21PCh. 12.8 - Prob. 12.22PCh. 12.8 - Acetone and progesterone are two ketones that...Ch. 12.9 - Prob. 12.24PCh. 12.10 - Prob. 12.25PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 12.26PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 12.27PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 12.28PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 12.29PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 12.30PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 12.31PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 12.32PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.33UKCCh. 12 - Prob. 12.34UKCCh. 12 - Consider the following ball-and-stick model of an...Ch. 12 - Consider the following ball-and-stick model. a....Ch. 12 - Name each compound. a. CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH3Ch. 12 - Name each compound. a. CH3OCH2CH2CH3 b....Ch. 12 - Answer the following questions about alcohol A. a....Ch. 12 - Answer the following questions about alcohol B. a....Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.41UKCCh. 12 - Prob. 12.42UKCCh. 12 - Prob. 12.43UKCCh. 12 - Prob. 12.44UKCCh. 12 - Prob. 12.45APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.46APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.47APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.48APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.49APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.50APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.51APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.52APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.53APCh. 12 - Give the structure corresponding to each name. a....Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.55APCh. 12 - Draw structures for the four constitutional...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.57APCh. 12 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 12 - Explain why two four-carbon organic molecules have...Ch. 12 - Explain why the boiling point of CH3CH2CH2CH2OH...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each pair is more water soluble?...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.63APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.64APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.65APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.66APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.67APCh. 12 - Xylitol is a nontoxic compound as sweet as table...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.69APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.70APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.71APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.72APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.73APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.74APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.75APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.76APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.77APCh. 12 - Draw the structure corresponding to each name. a....Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.79APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.80APCh. 12 - What product is formed when each compound is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.82APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.83APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.84APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.85APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.86APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.87APCh. 12 - Label each of the following objects as chiral or...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.89APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.90APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.91APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.92APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.93APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.94APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.95APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.96APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.97APCh. 12 - How are the compounds in each pair related? Are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.99APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.100APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.101APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.102APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.103APCh. 12 - Lactic acid [CH3CH(OH)CO2H] gives sour milk its...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.105APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.106APCh. 12 - Prob. 12.107CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.108CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.109BTCCh. 12 - Prob. 12.110BTC
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- Identify these as chiral or achiral.arrow_forwardPart 1 of 2 Each of the following compounds can exhibit optical activity. Enter the label number of chiral center(s) in the following compounds. If more than one, separate them with commas. H OF || | | HO-C-C-C=C-H 121 H 3 The chiral center(s) is/are at Part 2 of 2 H-C-H H Garrow_forwardCategorize the compounds below as chiral or achiral.arrow_forward
- (a) Consider structure Y. OH CH3 C-0-CH3 Structure Y i. Redraw structure Y, circle and name all the functional groups that exist in Y. ii. Label the chiral carbons in asterisks(*).arrow_forwardClassify each attached pair of compounds as stereoisomers or conformations: (a) X and Y; (b) X and Z.arrow_forwardc) For the following compound identify how many chiral carbons present and how many isomers are possible. HO C4H6NOF OH OH d) Figure out elements of unsaturation for the following compoundarrow_forward
- How many chiral centers are in each of the following molecules? Mark each one with an asterisk. (a) OH (b) (c) OH OH OH он (d) (e) (f) (g) OH HN ON CIarrow_forward1. How many chiral carbon atoms are in the following compound? CHCIBRCH2CHBRCH3 a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 4. Which of the following compounds will not show optical activity? a) CH2CICHBRCI b) CH;CH(OH)CH3 c) CH;CH2CHĆICH3 d) CH2(OH)CH(NH2)COOH 2. How many chiral carbon atoms are in the following compound? 5. Three of the following projection formulas are the same compound. The other is the enantiomer. Which is the enantiomer? CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH2OH CH,OH c=0 a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 ОН Н H-C=0 a) НО -H 3. The maximum number of ČHHOH stereoisomers theoretically possible for the compound below is: b) H-C =0 -CH2OH CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CHO c) CH2OH a) 8 b) 6 c) 16 d) 4 H. - OH d) H-C=0arrow_forwardThe structural formula for the open-chain form of galactose is CH Н—ҫ—ОН Но—С—н НО—С—Н Н—ҫ—ОН CH-ОН (a) Is this molecule a sugar? (b) How many chiral carbons are present in the molecule? (C) Draw the structure of the six-member-ring form of this molecule.arrow_forward
- A chiral molecule is one that is not superposable on its mirror image, thus a chiral carbon is a carbon atom with 4 different groups attached into it. In the ff: structures below, using asterisk (*) to mark the chiral carbon. (Hint: There can be more than 1 chiral center in a molecule) он HO. он (a) (c) но OH он Lactic acid Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) он он но. (b) (d) HO Glyceraldehyde Estradiol (an estrogen)arrow_forwardDetermine whether each pair of molecules represent: (a) identical compounds; (b) constitutional (structural) isomers, (c) enantiomers, or (d) diastereomers. Thank you.arrow_forwardClassifying Compounds as Stereoisomers or Different Conformations Classify each pair of compounds as stereoisomers or conformations: (a) X and Y; (b) X and Z.arrow_forward
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