Concept explainers
a.
Interpretation:
The chirality center present in leucine compound has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Chirality center:
When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.
b.
Interpretation:
For a given leucine compound enantiomers, Fischer projection has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Fischer projections:
In Fischer projection, the chirality center of the organic compounds are drawn using the following convention. First, the carbon atom is placed at the meeting point of the two lines of the cross. In a tetrahedron structure, the horizontal bonds are comes forward is denoted by wedges. The vertical bonds are go backside it is denoted by dashed lines. Finally, Fischer projection structure is abbreviated by cross formula.
Enantiomers:
Enantiomers are mirror image of one another and these are chiral molecules, but that are non superimposable on one another.
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Principles of General, Organic, Biological Chemistry
- A structural formula of a monosaccharide is shown below: HO НО. HO -OH a. Classify this monosaccharide (e.g., ketotetrose) b. Does it have the D or L configuration? c. Specify the type of ring this structure has. d. Is the configuration of the anomeric carbon alpha or beta?arrow_forwardX. Label each pair of stereoisomers below as: a. enantiomers b. diastereomers c. identical Place the letter of the correct answer in the blank to the left of the pair of stereoisomers. H₂C HO H HO HO₂C--- H OH CH₂OH COOH CH3 CO₂H H₂C H HO HO OH. H H CH₂OH COOH CH3 HO₂C 2 CO₂Harrow_forwardDraw the Fischer projection for structure I. Circle each chiral group in structure II.arrow_forward
- A Fischer projection of a monosaccharide is shown below: H CH₂OH -OH H H HO C=O -OH -OH -H CH₂OH a. Classify this monosaccharide (e.g., aldotriose) b. Does it have the D or L configuration? c. Which carbon and oxygen become bonded in the furanose ring form of this monosaccharide (e.g., C206, where 06 means the oxygen on carbon 6, or "not formed")? d. Which carbon and oxygen become bonded in the pyranose ring form of this monosaccharide e.g., C206 or "not formed"?arrow_forwardA Fischer projection of a monosaccharide is shown below: CH₂OH C=O H НО HO -OH H H CH₂OH a. Classify this monosaccharide (e.g., aldotriose) b. Does it have the D or L configuration? c. Which carbon and oxygen become bonded in the furanose ring form of this monosaccharide (e.g., C206, where 06 means the oxygen on carbon 6, or "not formed")? d. Which carbon and oxygen become bonded in the pyranose ring form of this monosaccharide e.g., C206 or "not formed"?arrow_forward#4 Classify the B D F H if it is a D enantiomer or L enantiomer.arrow_forward
- 2. Draw one regioisomer and one stereoisomer and assign R/S for chiral centers. Galantamine Structurearrow_forwardFrom the choices given below select the aldohexose that yields the same alditol as L-mannose upon reduction with NaBH4. Select ALL monosaccharides that satisfy the requirement, excluding the structure referenced in the question. Note that only D structures are shown. To select an L structure click on the name. If no selection exists, then select the referenced structure. H H- H H CHO -OH HO- -OH H -OH H -OH H CH₂OH D-Allose L-Allose CHO -H H OH HO- -OH H -OH H- CH₂OH D-Altrose L-Altrose CHO CH₂OH D-Glucose CHO OH HO -H -H HO- -H H- OH H -OH HO- -OH H-+ OH H L-Glucose CH₂OH D-Mannose H- L-Mannose CHO OH OH H -H HO OH H- CH₂OH D-Gulose L-Gulose HO CHO -H H- -OH HO- -H HO- -OH H CH₂OH D-Idose L-Idose CHO OH HO -H HO- -H HO -OH CH₂OH D-Galactose L-Galactose H- CHO -H -H -H -OH CH₂OH D-Talose L-Talosearrow_forwardConsider alanine a. How many chiral centers? b. How many stereoisomers? c. Draw the fischer projection for each stereoisomer and determine the absolute configuration for each chiral center.arrow_forward
- Explain the difference between an enantiomer and an epimer. a. Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror image structures. Epimers are diastereomers that differ only in the orientation of one chiral center. b. Epimers are non-superimposable mirror image structures. Enantiomers are diastereomers that differ only in the orientation of one chiral center.arrow_forward12. A sugar molecule with one chiral carbon will have a. only a D- enantiomer b. only an L- enantiomer c. both D- and L- enantiomers d. neither D- nor L- enantiomersarrow_forward5. Cholesterol is one of the important component of animal cell membrane. Label circled chiral centers as R/S, and circle the rest of chiral centers in this compound. b a H НО Cholesterolarrow_forward
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