Concept explainers
a.
Interpretation:
For the lactic acid compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Chirality center:
When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.
b.
Interpretation:
For the lactic acid compound, Fischer projection formula has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Fischer projections:
In Fischer projection, the chirality center of the organic compounds are drawn using the following convention. First, the carbon atom is placed at the meeting point of the two lines of the cross. In a tetrahedron structure, the horizontal bonds indicate forward and denoted by wedges. The vertical bonds indicate backward and denoted by dashed lines. Finally, Fischer projection structure is abbreviated by cross formula.
Enantiomers:
Enantiomers are mirror image of one another and these are chiral molecules, but that are non superimposable on one another.
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Principles of General, Organic, Biological Chemistry
- Which of the following statements is correct regarding enantiomers? a. Enantiomers are constitutional isomers b. Enantiomers are meso compounds c. Enantiomers are mirror images to each other d. Enantiomers have only one chiral centerarrow_forward4. ) Determine if the following compound is chiral or not. OH HO OH Me ZOH Ме HO HO OH F. CI Ме CI Он Me JCHO CI Br Br CI CH3arrow_forwardDraw the Fischer projection for structure I. Circle each chiral group in structure II.arrow_forward
- X. Label each pair of stereoisomers below as: a. enantiomers b. diastereomers c. identical Place the letter of the correct answer in the blank to the left of the pair of stereoisomers. H₂C HO H HO HO₂C--- H OH CH₂OH COOH CH3 CO₂H H₂C H HO HO OH. H H CH₂OH COOH CH3 HO₂C 2 CO₂Harrow_forwardConsider the ball-and-stick model of D, and label E and F as either identical to D or an enantiomer of Darrow_forwardC. Smelling Chirality. Carvone Olfactory receptors in our noses, used for the detection of odors, are chiral. Therefore, in some cases, we can tell the difference between enantiomers by their odor. Carvone is one such compound that we can distinguish between the R and S enantiomer by their odor. 1. Identify the chiral center in carvone and draw the R and S enantiomers in the indicated boxes. 2. Smell both of the enantiomers of carvone and provide a brief description of their odors in the same boxes. Carvone is perfectly safe to smell as both enantiomers are found in various foods. R-carvone S-carvonearrow_forward
- 12. A sugar molecule with one chiral carbon will have a. only a D- enantiomer b. only an L- enantiomer c. both D- and L- enantiomers d. neither D- nor L- enantiomersarrow_forward4. Determine if each Fischer projection is chiral or achiral. If chiral, identify it as the d or l stereoisomer and draw the mirror image. a. CH₂OH HO- ti CH3 H b. CH ₂ 0+H Н CH3 HO ₂-CH3arrow_forwardA Fischer projection of a monosaccharide is shown below: H CH₂OH -OH H H HO C=O -OH -OH -H CH₂OH a. Classify this monosaccharide (e.g., aldotriose) b. Does it have the D or L configuration? c. Which carbon and oxygen become bonded in the furanose ring form of this monosaccharide (e.g., C206, where 06 means the oxygen on carbon 6, or "not formed")? d. Which carbon and oxygen become bonded in the pyranose ring form of this monosaccharide e.g., C206 or "not formed"?arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning