Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 9.6, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction

To review:

The fact that dnaK genes arose in archaea.

Introduction:

The 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are also called dnaK. These are found in almost all living organisms. The main function of HSP70 is protein folding. It also protects the cell from thermal and oxidative stress. It helps in the transfer of transmembrane proteins by stabilizing it in a partially folded state.

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The mechanisms of transcription and translation are virtually identical in species from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence? * The mechanisms of transcription and translation presently found in living organisms are the only mechanisms that could effectively convert heredity information into protein structures. The mechanisms of transcription and translation are universal processes and therefore suggest a common ancestor for all forms of life. The similarity in these processes in all organisms suggests that convergent evolution has occurred. This evidence does not support a hypothesis because the products of transcription and translation vary widely.
The mechanisms of transcription and translation are virtually identical in species from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence? * The mechanisms of transcription and translation presently found in living organisms are the only mechanisms that could effectively convert heredity information into protein structures. The mechanisms of transcription and translation are universal processes and therefore suggest a common ancestor for all forms of life. The similarity in these processes in all organisms suggests that convergent evolution has occurred. This evidence does not support a hypothesis because the products of transcription and translation vary widely. One of the prerequisites for chemical evolution on early Earth is that there was an adequate amount of time. This is an important assumption because there had to be enough time for which of the following to occur?*
Various strains of bacteria are able to transfer genes to eukaryotic hosts. This process of horizontal gene transfer often results in the formation of enzymes in the host organism that assist in metabolic pathways. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for why bacterial genes are able to successfully transfer genes that produce enzymes in eukaryotic cells? A - Bacteria and Eukarya have similar mechanisms for the formation and use of enzymes in metabolic processes. B - Bacteria and Eukarya use the same enzymes in all of their metabolic processes so the genes are interchangeable. C - Bacteria and Eukarya share similar reproductive mechanisms so the cells reproduce without recognizing foreign DNA. D - Bacteria and Eukarya have the same mechanism for replicating DNA so genes can easily be transferred between the two types of cells.
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Archaea; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W25nI9kpxtU;License: Standard youtube license