Cyanobacteria are a large group of prokaryotic organisms. Cyanobacteria are found in marine microbial mats that include many species of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms that can participate in mutualistic symbiotic relationships. One recently discovered species of cyanobacteria, UCYN-A, lacks the genes that encode ribulose bisphosphate crboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo), components of photosystem Il, and the Krebs cycle. UCYN-A contains genes enabling nitrogen fixation, which allows the enzymatic conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to biologically available nitrogen compounds such as nitrate. Within the microbial community there is relatively little available nitrogen. The majority of organisms in the microbial mat cannot fix nitrogen (a) Identify the metabolic process whereby UCYN-A is most likely to produce ATP. Explain this process including the inputs and outputs. (b) Identify the location where UCYN-A cells perform this process. Justify why they perform this process in this location.

Q: Escherichia coli is cultured in a medium containing both glucose and lactose and displays a diauxic…

A: The diauxic growth curve is exhibited by a bacterium growing in a media with two different carbon…

Q: Which of the following is MOST likely the reason why prions are infective? A. Prions are small…

A: Prions are a specific type of protein that triggers normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally.

Q: Are genes A, D, and E all under the control of operator O? Explain your reasoning

A: Introduction: In E.coli, the structural genes A,D, and E codes for enzymes A,D, and E respectively…

Q: You are interested in the activity and regulation of a protease made by the Gram-positive bacterium…

A: Gram-positive bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus older name was Bacillus stearothermophilus…

Q: In a eukaryotic cell, where can you observe genes in action? Choose below. Chloroplasts  Nucleus…

A: Answer :- 5) Chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus In eukaryotes, the cell genetic…

Q: A newly synthesized drug is able to inhibit growth of pathogens by inhibiting a genetic process of…

A: Introduction Prokaryotes and Eukaryotic molecular mechanism is quite different. There is difference…

Q: What type of mutation is C c?

A: Mutations are defined as the change in the sequence of DNA of an organism due to any environmental…

Q: Linezolid is a new type of antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in several bacterial species…

A: Linezolid is an antibacterial drug used to treat infections caused by resistant strains of…

Q: Bacillus subtilis is known to harbour proA gene which is expressed as protease. Protease is an…

A: Genetic engineering and bioprocess are very good tools in the pharmaceutical, therapeutics, enzyme…

Q: is the various steps of protein production in eukaryotic cells and their localization (from a gene…

A: Protein is a very important part of the cell because it it is the ultimate machinery through which…

Q: Penicillin is an irreversible inhibitor of the transpeptidases, enzymes that cross-link components…

A: Antibiotics is formed of :-  Anti + Biotics  Anti means against while biotics means living microbes…

Q: Deletions in the mitochondrial DNA can result in parasitic mitochondria which do not respire but…

A: This can be explained on the basis of use and disuse of organs. The organs that are not usually…

Q: A scientist is researching GS1, an enzyme with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 78,000 present in a…

A: Genetic code is a triplet codon.

Q: A scientist is researching GS1, an enzyme with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 78,000 present in a…

A: Enzymes are biocatalysts that increase the velocity of biological reactions. Enzymes act on specific…

Q: The creation of milk products such as cheeses and yogurts is dependent on the conversion by various…

A: The Lactobacillus can use lactose and break it into glucose and galactose. For doing this they need…

Q: The SARS-CoV-2 genome has a cap at its 5'-end that is the same as the one seen on most human mRNA…

A:

Q: C. Anagnostopoulos and I. P. Crawford isolated and studied a series of mutations that affected…

A: Bacterial transformation involves the intake of free extracellular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from…

Q: The ArcB/ArcA is a two component system in E. coli. Based on what you learned about two component…

A: Anaerobic growth of Escherechia coli (E.coli) is controlled by a two-component arc system. This is a…

Q: The Perrier1 mutation of Chlamydomonas results in cells unable to generate ATP by oxidative…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of transfer of electrons…

Q: enzyme A enzyme B A Refer to the metabolic pathway illustrated in the figure. If A, B, and C are all…

A: Introduction A Growth Media, Also Known As A Culture Medium, Is A Solid, Liquid, Or Semi-solid…

Q: Yarrowia lipolytica(Yl) is a non-conventional yeast that diverged from baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces…

A: Allosteric enzymes are those enzymes whose catalytic activity is regulated in response of certain…

Q: The human intestinal tract is home to a vast, diverse microbial community. The bacteria that…

A: To investigate the microbial community in the human intestinal tract, scientists collected fecal…

Q: The 13-Mb genome of the green alga Ostreococcus tauri contains ∼8000 genes. Compare the gene density…

A: Genes are functional and physical units of heredity. Genes contain specific nucleotide sequences.…

Q: similarity in a regulatory mechanism that is common in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Also…

A: Prokaryotes are simple cells with simple transcription and translation mechanism where as…

Q: The cytochrome P450 system metabolizes many medicinally useful drugs. Although all human beings have…

A: Genetic Polymorphism is the variation in DNA sequences of an individual that occur when nucleotides…

Q: You are studying a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia. After performing a biopsy to obtain…

A: The LDL (known as bad cholesterol) is composed of lipoprotein, phospholipid cholesterol and some…

Q: For E. coli strains with the lac genotypes show below, use a plus sign (+) to indicate the synthesis…

A: Lactose operon is an inducible operon in prokaryotes. the operon is the gene regulation system in…

Q: . Genes A, B, and C encode enzymes A, B, and C, which are part of this biosynthetic pathway:…

A: If the gene A,B,C are presemt in the eukaryotes and bacteria and since 1 is prokaryotic and another…

Q: Suppose that E. coli sustains a mutation in its gene for the lac operon repressor making the…

A: When lactose is not present in the medium operon does not transcribe because of the presence of lac…

Q: Use the figure to answer the question. enzyme A enzyme B B A Refer to the metabolic pathway…

A:

Q: A signal sequence or the translocation of a protein can be genetically characterized. Please design…

A: By reviewing the question, we have to design an experiment to identify a signal sequence in a…

Q: Compare and contrast (that means tell me how the are similar AND how they are different) gene…

A: Gene regulation is the process of controlling the genes in a cell's DNA that are expressed.…

Q: Bt eggplant is a genetically-modified eggplant developed by Filipino scientists. It was developed to…

A: The genetically modified eggplant is the world’s first GM eggplant to have insecticidal protein,…

Q: Even though actinobacteria are high G 1 C organisms, there are regions of the genome that are…

A: The bacteria is the member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms that lack most of the cell…

Q: Bt eggplant is a genetically-modified eggplant developed by Filipino scientists. It was developed to…

A: Bacillus thuringiensis was grown in a variety of media, including legume seeds, dried cow blood, and…

Q: Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode that lactose utilization…

A: Bacterial adaptability is tightly controlled genetically and involves the expression of several…

Q: A scientist is researching GS1, an enzyme with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 78,000 present in a…

A: Mutations are random changes in the genome.

Q: Under which conditions would expression of glutamate decarboxylase increase the relative fitness of…

A: The relative fitness of bacteria is defined as the susceptibility of bacteria to adjust, grow and…

Q: Various strains of bacteria are able to transfer genes to eukaryotic hosts. This process of…

A: Bacteria are group of organisms which are prokaryotic and have peptidoglycan cell wall .

Q: Using a computer algorithm that searches for sequence similarities in other organisms, you discover…

A: Hexose Kinase gene helps in sugar signaling and carbohydrate metabolism. Among the three DNA hybrids…

Q: A rare genetic disorder affecting the degradation of hemoglobin made a man suffer extreme…

A: Sangers method is a DNA sequencing method and is also known as enzymatic chain termination method.…

Q: When present on the leaves of plants, the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae can promote frost damage to…

A: Pseudomonas syringae, a plant pathogenic bacterial species that contains a large number of important…

Q: The pathway for arginine biosynthesis in Neurosporacrassa involves several enzymes that produce a…

A: One-gene-one enzyme hypothesis states that a single specific gene is involved in the synthesis of…

Q: In a process of production of a recombinant protein by E. coli cells, it was observed accumulation…

A: Chemical compounds and recombinant proteins are frequently produced commercially using Escherichia…

Q: A paper in the Journal of Bacteriology reported that a mutT mutant strain of E. coli displayed a…

A: The gene Mut T lowers the conversion of TA to GC. This gene is involved in correcting the mutations…

Q: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic condition characterized by an absence of functional LDL…

A: About 1 in 100 to 200 people have mutations in the LDLR gene that encodes the LDL receptor protein,…

Q: The reason why Beadle and Tatum observed four different categories of mutants that could not grow on…

A: A lack of methionine biosynthesis can inhibit Neurospora growth in  different ways.

Q: A number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several…

A: Operon is a segment of DNA that carry many genes along with regulatory elements. Lac operon contains…

Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.