Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 8.1, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The concept that the cell manages to transcribe genes that respond to multiple stresses where each involves a different sigma factor.
Introduction:
Information required for the synthesis of proteins is stored in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) strands. It acts as a genetic material in all living organisms except for some viruses where RNA (ribonucleic acid) serves as the genetic material. The first step of gene expression is transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied into RNA with the help of molecular machines.
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Which of the following is the most likely result of a mutation in the lac operator that prevents release of the depressor protein?
Choose 1 answer:
(A)The lactose permease protein will be produced, even in the absence of lactose.
(B) Transcription of the structural genes will be blocked, even in the presence of lactose.
(C) The catabolite activator protein will be bound to the CAP site, even in the presence of glucose.
(D) Expression of the lacI gene will be repressed, even in the absence of glucose.
ATM is a kinase that phosphorylates histone H2AX in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Which of the following scenarios would most quickly regulate ATM activity in the cell?
a) Adding silencing methyl groups to cytosines in the Atm gene
b) Modifying the histone code for the Atm gene
c) Increasing expression of a miRNA specific for the Atm mRNA
d) Activating an E3 ubiquitin ligase specific for the ATM protein
Describe four mechanisms that result in the generation ofantigen receptor diversity.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 4TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 5TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 6TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 7TQ
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 8TQCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Prob. 2RQCh. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Prob. 7RQCh. 8 - Prob. 8RQCh. 8 - Prob. 9RQCh. 8 - Prob. 10RQCh. 8 - Prob. 11RQCh. 8 - Prob. 12RQCh. 8 - Prob. 13RQCh. 8 - Prob. 14RQCh. 8 - Prob. 15RQCh. 8 - Prob. 16RQCh. 8 - Prob. 17RQCh. 8 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8 - Prob. 2TQCh. 8 - Prob. 3TQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode for that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available or when glucose is present? Why is it adaptive for the structural genes for using lactose to be under the control of a single promoter, i.e., synthesize a polycistronic message rather than three monocistronic message?arrow_forwardPart of the Ras protein is associated with the plasma membrane, and part extends into the cytoplasm. How does the Ras protein transmit a signal from outside the cell into the cytoplasm? What happens in cases where the ras gene is mutated?arrow_forwardwhat is the nature and likely location(s) of a mutant that would, 1)allow constitutive expression of the lac gene? 2)prevent the cell from responding to lactose ( genes are not induced when exposed to lactose)? 3) not allow the cell to utilize lactose even when the genes are inducedarrow_forward
- What are two examples for which HCPCS codes should be reported?arrow_forwardWhat is the function of RAG1? What will happen if RAG1's function is lost due to mutations?arrow_forwardRho independent terminators Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a a) contain a GC rich stem loop followed by a run of Us b b) need the help of other proteins to terminate transcription C) are very rare in E. coli d) none of the abovearrow_forward
- The concentration of DnaK increases after a heat shock, yet its effects on sigma-32 activity are very negative. How could the increase in a protein that inhibits the activity of sigma-32 lead to an increase in the transcription of heat shock proteins?arrow_forwardRecombinant expression in prokaryotic systems has numerous advantages when compared to eukaryotic systems, one of which is the ability to produce the protein of interest at high levels. For this, it is essential to use strong promoters and genetically modified bacteria capable of overexpressing the exogenous gene. Therefore, mark the alternative that best represents the set of bacterial promoters/strains for protein overexpression. * A)use of the T7 promoter, whose induction occurs by the addition of IPTG in the culture medium, and use of the Escherichia coli strain BL21DE3. B)use of the T7 promoter, whose induction occurs by the addition of IPTG in the culture medium, and use of the Escherichia coli DH5 strain. C)use of the lac promoter, whose induction occurs by the addition of IPTG in the culture medium, and use of the Escherichia coli DH5 strain. D) use of the constitutive trp promoter, whose induction occurs by the addition of the amino acid Tryptophan in the medium, and use of…arrow_forwardThe protein NK2 is a transcriptional regulator that functions both as a repressor and activator. To map the two domains more precisely a research group introduced deletion mutations within the coding sequences and studied the effect of a mutation on the NK2 regulatory function. A reporter construct (b-gal activity measurement) was used to monitor gene expression (row 15). Expression in the absence of NK2 was set at 100% (row 15). Repression is indicated by a significant reduction in expression (see row 14 for example) and activation is indicated by higher that 100% activity (e. g., row 11). The presence of the wild type NK2 led to near complete inhibition of expression (row 14). In the figure a deletion is shown as an open area and the residues deleted are indicated on the left (e.g., the row 13 mutant has a deletion of residues 1-97). - a) Which region(s) of the protein is required for repression function? - b) Is the C-terminal end required for repression? - c) What is the…arrow_forward
- The protein NK2 is a transcriptional regulator that functions both as a repressor and activator. To map the two domains more precisely a research group introduced deletion mutations within the coding sequences and studied the effect of a mutation on the NK2 regulatory function. A reporter construct (b-gal activity measurement) was used to monitor gene expression (row 15). Expression in the absence of NK2 was set at 100% (row 15). Repression is indicated by a significant reduction in expression (see row 14 for example) and activation is indicated by higher that 100% activity (e. g., row 11). The presence of the wild type NK2 led to near complete inhibition of expression (row 14). In the figure a deletion is shown as an open area and the residues deleted are indicated on the left (e.g., the row 13 mutant has a deletion of residues 1-97). From the data presented in the Figur, answer the following questions.a) Which region(s) of the protein is required for repression function?b) Is the…arrow_forwardWhich among A - D is false regarding antisense RNAS? A) O they occur in protein coding genes B) O they only affect expression of the protein coding genes in which it resides C) O they bind to mRNA D) O they act as translational control mechanism E) Onone are false, A -D are all truearrow_forwardcAMP binds to cAMP Receptor Protein (CRP), allowing CRP to bind to the promoter of the lac operon a) in positive gene regulation by increasing the transcription when glucose is absent and lactose is present b) in negative gene regulation by decreasing the transcription when glucose is absent and lactose is present c) in positive gene regulation by increasing the transcription when glucose is present and lactose is absent d) in negative gene regulation by decreasing the transcription when glucose is present and lactose is absentarrow_forward
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