Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 8.3, Problem 7TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The type of mutant cell that could produce a full-length protein from the gene without removing the stop codon.
Introduction:
The set of rules used by the living cell to translate information from the
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A mutation is found in a tRNA-encoding gene. The wild type (non-mutant) allele (version) produces a tRNA that recognizes the codon GAA, and is charged with the amino acid glutamic acid (Glu). The mutant tRNA is still charged with Glu, but it recognizes the codon UAA. What effect will this have on translation in these cells? How will the proteins produced be different?
Speculate: is this mutation more likely to be beneficial or harmful?
Below is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’1. If the above DNA strand is the coding (sense) strand and the DNA molecule is transcribed, what is the correct nucleotide sequence and direction of the RNA formed after transcription?
Dystrophin is mutated in the disease, causing a codon to change from GGA to
UGA. What is the consequence of this change? (
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 4TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 5TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 6TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 7TQ
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 8TQCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Prob. 2RQCh. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Prob. 7RQCh. 8 - Prob. 8RQCh. 8 - Prob. 9RQCh. 8 - Prob. 10RQCh. 8 - Prob. 11RQCh. 8 - Prob. 12RQCh. 8 - Prob. 13RQCh. 8 - Prob. 14RQCh. 8 - Prob. 15RQCh. 8 - Prob. 16RQCh. 8 - Prob. 17RQCh. 8 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8 - Prob. 2TQCh. 8 - Prob. 3TQ
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- You are observing the translation process in a eukaryotic cell that has been exposed to an unknown toxin. About halfway through synthesizing the protein, you note that elongation is stalled. Upon closer observation you notice the polypeptide is attached to the tRNA in the A-site, while the P site is occupied by an uncharged tRNA. A possible mechanism that is inhibiting translation is: Question 21 options: eEF-1βγ (beta-gamma) was inhibited from activating eEF-2. Peptidyltransferase activity was inhibited. eEF-2 was inhibited from being activated. eEF-1βγ (beta-gamma) was inhibited from activating eEF-1α (alpha). eEF-1α cannot be released from the aminoacyl-tRNA in the A-site.arrow_forwardThe length of a particular gene in human DNA, measured from the start site for transcription to the end of the protein-coding region, is 10,000 nucleotides, whereas the length of the mRNA produced from this gene is 4000 nucleotides. What is the most likely reason for this difference?arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the introns and exons found in gene X. The size of each exon and intron is shown as well. A study on this organism found that two mature MRNA molecules are produced for this gene. One is 457 nucleotides in length, and the other is 439 nucleotides in length. Name the process responsible for producing this variation. Also explain how these 457 and 439 nucleotide fragments were produced by referring to the information provided. Hint: This organism produces a poly-A tail of 120 nucleotides. 99 62 120 84 102 27 117 Gene X E1 в в 11 E2 12 E4 Exon (E) Intron (1)arrow_forward
- The figure below shows the introns and exons found in gene X. The size of each exon and intron is shown as well. A study on this organism found that two mature mRNA molecules are produced for this gene. One is 457 nucleotides in length, and the other is 439 nucleotides in length. Name the process responsible for producing this variation. Also explain how these 457 and 439 nucleotide fragments were produced by referring to the information provided. Hint: This organism produces a poly-A tail of 120 nucleotides.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the introns and exons found in gene X. The size of each exon and intron is shown as well. A study on this organism found that two mature mRNA molecules are produced for this gene. One is 457 nucleotides in length, and the other is 439 nucleotides in length. Name the process responsible for producing this variation. Also explain how these 457 and 439 nucleotide fragments were produced by referring to the information provided. Hint: This organism produces a poly-A tail of 120 nucleotides. 99 62 120 84 102 27 117 Gene X E1 11 E2 12 ЕЗ 13 E4 Exon (E) Intron (I)arrow_forwardThe following is a DNA sequence of gene Z. The underlined sequence represents the promoter for gene Z and the underlined and italicized sequence encodes the gene Z ribosome binding (RBS) site. Transcription begins at and includes the T/A base pair at position 60 (bold) a. What are the nucleotides of the mRNA from gene Z?b. What are the amino acids encoded by gene Z? (A codon chart is found on the finalpage)arrow_forward
- Hemophilia in the Russian royal family was caused by defective protein involved in blood clotting (factor IX). This defective protein was caused by a mutation that altered the splicing of the exons. This genetic change in the splicing pattern created a new stop codon in the mRNA for factor IX. What effect on the polypeptide chain of factor IX would this new stop codon have?arrow_forwardIf the following nucleotide sequence, CTC/TGT/AAG/ACC/TTT experienced a mutation resulting in the deletion of the second cytosine in the first DNA triplet so the sequence is now CT_/TGT/AAG/ACC/TTT, what would be the amino acid sequence created from this mutated DNA strand? Table of mRNA codons UUA, UUG = leucine AGG, AGA = arginine %3D CAU, CAC = histidine GUU, GÜC, GUA = valine GAA. GAG=glutamic acid GCU, GUA, GUG = alanine GAU, GAC = asparagine GGU, GGC, GGA = glycine UCA, UCU =serine CGU, CGC, CGA = argininearrow_forwardResearchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents the formation of peptide bonds during translation. A model of the translation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following describes where in the model chloramphenicol acts to interfere with the production of proteins from DNA? A - during initiationB - during elongationC = during terminationD = during protein releasearrow_forward
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