Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 5IQ
Summary Introduction
To label: The components in the following diagram that shows a helper T cell is activated by interaction with an antigen-presenting cell and the helper T cell's central role in activating both humoral and cell-mediated immunities.
Introduction: The immune system plays an important role in the human body. It protects the body from the invading organisms. The immune system is classified into two types namely the innate immune system and adaptive immune system. The innate immune system starts its action from the time of birth whereas the adaptive immune system starts its action in the later stages of life when exposed to antigens for the first time. The adaptive immune system is divided into two types namely humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
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The diagram shows a pathogen (in red) that is present in different cellular compartments of each of the cell types shown. In each case, a specific T cell subset will recognize peptides of that pathogen presented on MHC molecules on the surface of the cell, and will execute its effector function. From the list below, match the appropriate T cell effector response to the cell type and location of the pathogen.
CD4 T cell killing of target cell
CD8 T cell killing of target cell
CD4 T cell activation of target cell’s antibody production
CD8 T cell activation of target cell’s antibody production
CD4 T cell activation of target cell’s ability to kill intracellular pathogen
CD8 T cell activation of target cell’s ability to kill intracellular pathogen
Discuss three differences between antigen and antibodies
Explain the structure of the antibody molecule.
Discuss the differences between humoral and cell mediated immunity in terms of chemicals and cells involved in each process as they tackle pathogens.
Describe the following components of adaptive immunity and the function of each.
Antigen presenting cell
MHC molecules
Helper T cells
B cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Chapter 43 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
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- The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Identify the components of cellular immunity, and define their roles in the immune response.arrow_forwardThe Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Name the class of molecules that includes antibodies, and name the five groups that make up this class.arrow_forwardMatch the immunity concepts: __________ inflammation __________ antibody secretion __________ phagocyte __________ immunological memory __________ vaccination __________ allergy a. neutrophil b. plasma cell c. nonspecific response d. purposely causing memory cell production e. basis of secondary immune response f. nonprotective immune responsearrow_forward
- Figure 42.11 Which of the following statements about T cells is false? Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forwardIt is often helpful to draw a complicated pathway in the form of a flow chart to visualize the multiple steps and the ways in which the steps are connected to each other. Draw the antibody-mediated immune response pathway that acts in response to an invading virus.arrow_forwardIndividuals infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) mount protective antibody responses directed against surface glycoproteins of the virus. These antibodies are critical to viral clearance. The act to neutralise any virus trying to infect a person’s cells as well as activating the classical pathway of complement and cytotoxic cell-mediated killing of infected target cells. Having a deficiency in the complement component C3 greatly impairs a person’s ability to control HSV infections. To understand this further, you will investigate this in the lab. Using C3-deficient mice, you infect them with HSV at day 0 and then a second time 4 weeks later. A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a scientific question and is an important part of practical experiments. A testable hypothesis is statement that can be proved or disproved as a result of experimentation. Q1. State the problem that you are trying to solve. And then formulate a robust testable hypothesis for your…arrow_forward
- Individuals infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) mount protective antibody responses directed against surface glycoproteins of the virus. These antibodies are critical to viral clearance. The act to neutralise any virus trying to infect a person’s cells as well as activating the classical pathway of complement and cytotoxic cell-mediated killing of infected target cells. Having a deficiency in the complement component C3 greatly impairs a person’s ability to control HSV infections. To understand this further, you will investigate this in the lab. Using C3-deficient mice, you infect them with HSV at day 0 and then a second time 4 weeks later. A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a scientific question and is an important part of practical experiments. A testable hypothesis is statement that can be proved or disproved as a result of experimentation. You perform an ELISA to measure the antibody response of the C3-deficient and normal mice (referred to as wild-type – WT)…arrow_forwardCompare and contrast humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Write three differences and two similarities in terms of function, purpose, types of cells involved, or mechanism. You may write in paragraph form or use a chart/diagram (e'g' Venn diagram) .arrow_forward(b) Label the following figure that shows the sequence of events by which cytotoxic T cells destroy some virus-infected cells. Proliferation Release of cytotoxins IL-12 Co- Cell lysis stimulatory molecules Killing other infected cellsarrow_forward
- The following events elicit an antibody response to a T-dependent antigen (Ag). Put them in order and indicate which one would happen third (of the five answers as shown, not necessarily number 3 on a lecture slide or text diagram). O Ag-presenting cell displays Ag fragments next to self (MHC) molecule on its surface Helper T cell (TH) activates an appropriate B cell Helper T cell (TH) specific for the Ag binds to MHC-Ag complex B cell differentiates into a plasma cell; secretes antibodies specific for the Ag Ag-presenting cell phagocytizes Ag-carrying microbearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT correct? Group of answer choices -Natural killer cells are cytolytic lymphocytes that mediate ADCC -Neutrophils carry out phagocytosis of C3b-tagged particles -Macrophages carry out phagocytosis of C3b-tagged particles -Mast cells produce granules containing the cytotoxin perforin -B lymphocytes express a receptor for complement proteinsarrow_forwardIngestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes is mediated by receptors for the bound complement proteins. Even when the complement cascade fails to proceed beyond generating the C3 convertase, complement activation is effective at inducing pathogen uptake and destruction. This process of immune protection is mediated by: Activation of complement inhibitory receptors on phagocytes that promote pathogen uptake Activation of soluble proteases in the serum that disrupt pathogen membranes Engagement of complement receptors on phagocytes by C3b and its cleavage products which promotes phagocytosis Engagement of complement receptors on B cells that promotes antibody production Stimulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion by phagocytesarrow_forward
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