Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 20TYK
Summary Introduction
The complex system of the immune system includes special type of cells called lymphocytes. These lymphocytes are immune cells that act against infectious agents like bacteria, virus, and other pathogens. Lymphocytes are classified into two types namely B lymphocytes or B cell, and T lymphocytes or T cell based on the place where they are originated. B cells are synthesized in the bone marrow and T cells in the thymus. There is one more category in lymphocytes that includes natural killer cells.
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Which of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells?
a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated.
b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection.
c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4.
d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen.
e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.
Which of the following statements are true for antigen presentation.
a.
Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells.
b.
Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells
c.
Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface.
d.
Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells
e.
Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation
f.
Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation
g.
T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells.
h.
Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activation
A number of minor cancerous cells and infected viruses, such as Epstein Barr (EBV), are able to go undetected by cytotoxic T cell degradation by what possible mechanism?
a. the production of normal class I MHC molecule
b. helper T cell activation
c. the deactivation of the complement system
d. tumor antigen expression
e. the production of the class II major histocompatability (MHC) moledule
Chapter 43 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 43 - Briefly describe the insect defense system against...Ch. 43 - Prob. 2IQCh. 43 - Prob. 3IQCh. 43 - Prob. 4IQCh. 43 - Prob. 5IQCh. 43 - Prob. 6IQCh. 43 - Prob. 7IQCh. 43 - Prob. 8IQCh. 43 - Prob. 9IQCh. 43 - Prob. 1SYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 43 - Although innate and adaptive immunity were...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 43 - The process of clonal selection accounts for a....Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following destroys a target cell by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 43 - What is the key advantage to the use of monoclonal...Ch. 43 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 43 - From which of the following conditions would an...
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- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In order for an antigen to activate or sensitize a T helper cell, the antigen must be a. coated with antibodies b. displayed on the surface of an APC along with MHC antigens c. displayed on the surface of another T cell with IgD antibodies d. partly digested by a natural killer cellarrow_forwardA primary difference between how B cells recognize antigen and how T cells recognize antigen is that a. T-cell receptors can bind antigen only after secretion of the T-cell receptor from the surface of the T cell b. antibodies can bind only to denatured proteins c. T-cell receptors can bind to carbohydrate groups or clusters of amino acids d. B cells recognize degraded proteins bound to major histocompatibility molecules e. T cells recognize degraded proteins bound to major histocompatibility molecules.arrow_forwardThe T-cell antigen receptor is similar to immunoglobulin molecules in that it: a. can cross the placenta and provide protection to a fetus b. remains bound to the cell surface and is never secreted c. binds complement d. contains V and C regions on each of its chainarrow_forward
- CHAPTER 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity Matching SECTION 3 Revie w Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. opsonization 1 b. helper T cells Two parallel pairs of polypeptide chains Found on helper T cells C. antibody d. class II MHC 3 Active and passive 4 Transfer of antibodies e. costimulation Attacked by HIV f. IgM 6 Enhances phagocytosis g. class I MHC h. IgG 7 MHC proteins present in the plasma membranes of all nucleated cells i. passive immunity j. anaphylaxis 8 Differentiate into memory and plasma cells 9 MHC proteins present in the plasma membranes of all APCS and lymphocytes 9 k. CD4 markers 10 I. acquired immunity 10 Antibodies used to determine blood type 11 m. B lymphocytes 11 Secondary binding process required for T cell activation 12 12 Accounts for 80 percent of all immunoglobulins 13 13 Circulating allergen stimulates mast cells throughout body Match each lettered term with thearrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.arrow_forwardWhich event happens first during cytotoxic T-cell activation? a. Cytotoxic T cells secrete perforin and granzyme. b. Cytotoxic T cells recognize foreign antigen presented on the surface of a MHC I molecule. c. Cytotoxic T cells proliferate to form many new cells specific for the same antigen d. Cytotoxic T cells recognize foreign antigen presented on the surface of a TCR.arrow_forward
- Antibodies can have multiple mechanisms of action. The main mechanism is "flagging" a foreign body for phagocytosis and degradation. Another mechanism is... Select one: a. Binding of the Fc domain to T cells for cooperative antigen recognition and destruction. b. Altering the local pH by the formation of carbamate upon reaction with CO2 to denature protein antigens. c. Binding of the variable region to multiple different/distinct sites on the antigen. d. None of these. e. Binding of the antigen in regions essential for its function.arrow_forwardThe immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of disease-causing agents. Identify the example of innate immunity. A. Infected host cells are killed by toxic proteins from cytotoxic T cells. B. Toll-like receptors bind to foreign molecule fragments to initiate immune response. C. CD4 accessory proteins on the helper T cell surface bind to class II MHC molecules. D. IgE antibodies recognize and attach to pollen grains, stimulating an allergic reaction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about T cells is false? a. Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. b. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. c. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. d. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forward
- A patient has contracted an upper respiratory infection caused by a virus. Her initial adaptive immune response to the virus is due to what mechanism of immune surveillance?a. The display of viral antigens by naïve B-cells on class I MHC, which is then recognized by helper T-cells that then activate cytotoxic T-cells.b. The display of viral antigens on class I MHC, which is then displayed to sensitized naïve B-cells, leading to the production of antibodies.c. The display of viral antigens on class II MHC by a sensitized naïve B-cell, which is then activated by a helper T-cell primed to the same antigen to begin producing antibodies.d. The display of viral antigens on class I MHC, which is then displayed to helper T-cells, leading to the activation of naïve cytotoxic T-cells.arrow_forwardWhat is the predicted outcome if a patient receives an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant from a family member, and then receives a kidney transplant several months later from the same donor? a. Acute kidney rejection because the patient’s hematopoietic system has been fully reconstituted with patient-derived alloreactive T cells and NK cells. b. Graft-versus-host disease mediated by alloreactive T cells in the transplanted kidney. c. Secondary immune response by patient-derived memory T lymphocytes that were initially activated by the hematopoietic cell transplant. d. The patient is tolerant to alloantigens on the kidney graft and does not require long-term immunosuppressive drugs.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true about T cells? A. Natural killer cells (NK) are exclusively differentiated T cells B. T cells act in situations where antigens are embedded in cell membranes or are inside host cells and thus are inaccessible to antibodies C. T cells develop from lymphoid stem cells in bone marrow and mature in the thymus D. Cell-mediated immunity is primarily carried out by T cellsarrow_forward
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