Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 43, Problem 19TYK
Summary Introduction
The immune system of the human is divided into two types namely innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The innate immunity is the defense that occurs at the time of birth itself. However, the adaptive immunity is acquired by humans in their life time when they are exposed to various infections. The adaptive immunity works under two mechanisms, cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Cell-mediated immunity does not involve antibodies but involves cells like phagocytes and antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements are true for antigen presentation.
a.
Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells.
b.
Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells
c.
Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface.
d.
Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells
e.
Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation
f.
Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation
g.
T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells.
h.
Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activation
Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.
B lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune system for all of the following reasons but one. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons B lymphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?
a.They produce memory cells when activated.
b.Their receptors will bind to only one antigen.
c.They require co-stimulation from an activated T helper cell
d. They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediately
Which of the following is not a function of antibodies?
Select one:
a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface.
b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces.
c. They exert toxic effects directly.
d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis.
e. They activate complement fixation.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 43 - Briefly describe the insect defense system against...Ch. 43 - Prob. 2IQCh. 43 - Prob. 3IQCh. 43 - Prob. 4IQCh. 43 - Prob. 5IQCh. 43 - Prob. 6IQCh. 43 - Prob. 7IQCh. 43 - Prob. 8IQCh. 43 - Prob. 9IQCh. 43 - Prob. 1SYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 43 - Although innate and adaptive immunity were...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 43 - The process of clonal selection accounts for a....Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following destroys a target cell by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 43 - What is the key advantage to the use of monoclonal...Ch. 43 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 43 - From which of the following conditions would an...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of disease-causing agents. Identify the example of innate immunity. A. Infected host cells are killed by toxic proteins from cytotoxic T cells. B. Toll-like receptors bind to foreign molecule fragments to initiate immune response. C. CD4 accessory proteins on the helper T cell surface bind to class II MHC molecules. D. IgE antibodies recognize and attach to pollen grains, stimulating an allergic reaction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells? a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated. b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection. c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4. d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen. e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.arrow_forwardA number of minor cancerous cells and infected viruses, such as Epstein Barr (EBV), are able to go undetected by cytotoxic T cell degradation by what possible mechanism? a. the production of normal class I MHC molecule b. helper T cell activation c. the deactivation of the complement system d. tumor antigen expression e. the production of the class II major histocompatability (MHC) moledulearrow_forward
- Which of the following are TRUE of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules? a. Class I MHC molecules present endogenous antigens. b. Class I MHC molecules are only present on erythrocyte surfaces. c. Class I MHC molecules bind complement. d. Class I MHC molecules present exogenous antigens.arrow_forwardDendritic cells take up, process or present antigen by all of the following routes except Select one: a. receptor-mediated endocytosis of bacteria. b. macropinocytosis of bacteria or viruses. c. uptake of viruses using Toll-like receptor TLR9. d. cross-presentation from the MHC class II pathway to the MHC class I pathway. Oe. cross-presentation from incoming infected dendritic cells to healthy resident dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. Of. delivery of viral peptides from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum during viral infection.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE? A. Lymphatic vessels and veins have valves B. All Lymphocytes are part of our Non-specific immune defenses C. Chicken pox vaccines involve the injection of antibodies D. Spleens are lymph nodes which drain lymph fluid back to the blood circulation What do complement proteins, inflammation and fever have in common? A. All are part of the specific defenses mechanisms of the immune system (also called adaptive immunity) B. All are processes that occur in lymph nodes C. All occur as part of the non-specific defenses D. All occur as a direct result of antigen processing in an antigen processing cellarrow_forward
- Antibodies can have multiple mechanisms of action. The main mechanism is "flagging" a foreign body for phagocytosis and degradation. Another mechanism is... Select one: a. Binding of the Fc domain to T cells for cooperative antigen recognition and destruction. b. Altering the local pH by the formation of carbamate upon reaction with CO2 to denature protein antigens. c. Binding of the variable region to multiple different/distinct sites on the antigen. d. None of these. e. Binding of the antigen in regions essential for its function.arrow_forwardConcerning structure and function of antibodies, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a. Each antibody can recognise thousands of antigens b. Antibodies can activate complement cascade c. An antibody usually has a complement binding site, a macrophage binding site, and anantigen binding site d. Antibodies can act as opsonins e. Antibodies can neutralise toxins 48) Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune defence: a. Mucous membranes trapping foreign invaders b. Complement proteins stimulating phagocytosis c. Phagocytes killing invaders d. Low pH in stomach preventing bacterial growth e. Vaccines preventing infection by inducing memoryarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Which statement is true about T cells? a. They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells b. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2. c. Once activated, they cannot secrete cytokines. d. They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed with class II MHC proteins.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding CD4 is incorrect? a. MHC class II molecules present antigens to CD4 T cells. b. CD4 is the receptor used for HIV entry into CD4 T cells. c. CD4 is made up of two separate membrane-bound chains. d. Late in the progression of an HIV infection, the number of CD4 T cells in the circulation diminishes. e. CD4 is referred to as a T-cell co-receptor.arrow_forwardAny aspect of the immune system can be deficient. Which of the following deficiencies would primarily affect the BARRIER function of immunity? Group of answer choices A. Complement Deficiencies, in which a variety of complement proteins do not function properly B. DiGeorge Syndrome, in which the thymus does not develop properly C. Selective IgA deficiency, in which IgA antibodies are produced in very low amounts D. Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID), in which all T and B cell functions are absentarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding CD1 is correct? a. CD1 binding grooves are very similar to those of MHC class I molecules. b. Lipid antigens of CD1 bind with high affinity and are rarely exchanged. c. CD1 comprises three MHC class I-like heavy chains known as CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e, each belonging to a different functional group. d. CD1 molecules form heterodimers with β2-microglobulin. e. When a CD1d molecule presents sulfatide to a γ:δ T cell, all three CDR loops of both the γ and δ chains must be engaged to activate the T cell. f. CD1 genes are located in the HLA complex on chromosome 6.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Infection Prevention and Control; Author: thecityoftoronto;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jx9sRYmBW3Q;License: Standard Youtube License