Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 11TYK
Summary Introduction
The immune system protects our body from disease-causing microorganisms. It is classified into two types, namely innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The innate immunity is present sincethe time of birth, whereas the adaptive or acquired immunity arises in the later stages of life. Both the defense mechanism involves various genes and proteins to target the invading organisms and destroying them.
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Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.
T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells?
a. They become cytotoxic T cells.
b. The become antigen presenting cells.
c. They become T helper cells.
d. They become plasma cells.
Antibodies can have multiple mechanisms of action. The main mechanism is "flagging" a foreign body for phagocytosis and degradation. Another mechanism is...
Select one:
a.
Binding of the Fc domain to T cells for cooperative antigen recognition and destruction.
b.
Altering the local pH by the formation of carbamate upon reaction with CO2 to denature protein antigens.
c.
Binding of the variable region to multiple different/distinct sites on the antigen.
d.
None of these.
e.
Binding of the antigen in regions essential for its function.
Unlike naive T lymphocytes, Select one:
a. memory T lymphocytes obtain energy from glycolysis.
b. memory T lymphocyte populations may include TH1 or TH2 T cells.
c. effector T cells do not undergo mitosis when stimulated by antigen.
d. effector T cells do not express mTORc1.
e. effector T cells undergo high rates of autophagy.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 43 - Briefly describe the insect defense system against...Ch. 43 - Prob. 2IQCh. 43 - Prob. 3IQCh. 43 - Prob. 4IQCh. 43 - Prob. 5IQCh. 43 - Prob. 6IQCh. 43 - Prob. 7IQCh. 43 - Prob. 8IQCh. 43 - Prob. 9IQCh. 43 - Prob. 1SYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 43 - Although innate and adaptive immunity were...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 43 - The process of clonal selection accounts for a....Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following destroys a target cell by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 43 - What is the key advantage to the use of monoclonal...Ch. 43 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 43 - From which of the following conditions would an...
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- Which of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activationarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the movement of a T cell through a lymph node? a. It enters via efferent lymphatics and exits via the bloodstream. b. It enters via afferent lymphatics and exits via the bloodstream. c. It enters via the bloodstream and exits via afferent lymphatics. d. It enters via the bloodstream and exits via the bloodstream. e. It enters via the bloodstream and exits via efferent lymphatics.arrow_forwardIdentify which of the following statements regarding naive T cells is incorrect. a. Naive T cells enter lymph nodes in two different ways, from the blood or from the lymph. b. Naive T cells can only be activated in secondary lymphoid tissues. c. Naive T cells differentiate into effector T cells after T-cell priming has occurred. d. Naive T cells occupy both the cortex and the medulla of lymph nodes. e. Naive T cells are only activated by dendritic cells, not by macrophages or B cells.arrow_forward
- The lymphatic system... A.Has a pumping mechanism to move fluid. B. Includes areas of high concentrations of APCs, T and B cells. C. Collects fluid from around the brain and spinal cord. D. Is very impermeable to extracellular fluid. E. Is the site of B and T cell clonal deletion.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an explanation to the body's normal lack of mature lymphocytes that can react against own (self) components? A. Self-reactive lymphocytes are never made in the body. B. During lymphocyte maturation, antigen receptors are tested for self-reactivity. C. Lymphocytes with receptors specific for the body’s own molecules are destroyed by apoptosis. D. Self-reactive lymphocytes are typically rendered nonfunctional, leaving only those that react to foreign molecules. E. Self-reactive lymphocytes are eliminated or inactivated.arrow_forwardA primary difference between how B cells recognize antigen and how T cells recognize antigen is that a. T-cell receptors can bind antigen only after secretion of the T-cell receptor from the surface of the T cell b. antibodies can bind only to denatured proteins c. T-cell receptors can bind to carbohydrate groups or clusters of amino acids d. B cells recognize degraded proteins bound to major histocompatibility molecules e. T cells recognize degraded proteins bound to major histocompatibility molecules.arrow_forward
- CHAPTER 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity Matching SECTION 3 Revie w Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. opsonization 1 b. helper T cells Two parallel pairs of polypeptide chains Found on helper T cells C. antibody d. class II MHC 3 Active and passive 4 Transfer of antibodies e. costimulation Attacked by HIV f. IgM 6 Enhances phagocytosis g. class I MHC h. IgG 7 MHC proteins present in the plasma membranes of all nucleated cells i. passive immunity j. anaphylaxis 8 Differentiate into memory and plasma cells 9 MHC proteins present in the plasma membranes of all APCS and lymphocytes 9 k. CD4 markers 10 I. acquired immunity 10 Antibodies used to determine blood type 11 m. B lymphocytes 11 Secondary binding process required for T cell activation 12 12 Accounts for 80 percent of all immunoglobulins 13 13 Circulating allergen stimulates mast cells throughout body Match each lettered term with thearrow_forwardIn organ transplantation, minor histocompatibility antigens Select one: A. can trigger hyperacute graft rejection. B. are ABO blood group antigens. C. can be detected by cross matching. D. are MHC-bound peptides that differ between donors and recipients as a result of genetic polymorphisms. E. should be identical between donors and recipients.arrow_forwardAn MHC class II/antigen complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) binds to a T-cell receptor. What results from this interaction? Select one: a. Other immune cells are stimulated to respond to the antigen. b. Other immune cells are inhibited. c. The T cell responds by directly destroying the APC. d. The antigen is phagocytized by the T cell.arrow_forward
- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Allergens differ from antigens because a. Allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle. b. Allergens do not involve the leucocytes, they simple stimulate the inflammatory response. c. Allergens are only active seasonally and are generally harmless to the body. d. Allergens are primarily plant derived while antigens are bacterial or viral in nature.arrow_forwardThe immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of disease-causing agents. Identify the example of innate immunity. A. Infected host cells are killed by toxic proteins from cytotoxic T cells. B. Toll-like receptors bind to foreign molecule fragments to initiate immune response. C. CD4 accessory proteins on the helper T cell surface bind to class II MHC molecules. D. IgE antibodies recognize and attach to pollen grains, stimulating an allergic reaction.arrow_forwardAdaptive immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which interact but also have distinct roles in adaptive immunity. Identify the example of a strictly cell-mediated immune response. A. A cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected host cell. B. A helper T cell activates a B cell. C. A B cell gives rise to plasma cells, which release antibodies. D. An antigen is taken in by an antigen-presenting cell.arrow_forward
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Immune response: summary; Author: Dr Bhavsar Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADANgHkX4OY;License: Standard Youtube License