Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction
The immune system includes phagocytes (immune cells), antibodies, and small proteins called complement. The complement proteins enhance the activity of immune cells and antibody. The antibodies are proteins secreted by plasma cells. B cells or B lymphocytes are a type of leukocytes found in plasma.
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Why is a cell-mediated immune response more effective against intracellular microorganisms (such as viruses) than an antibody-mediated response?
Select one:
a. Cell-mediated (vs. antibody-mediated) response results in activation of many more immune cells, so it is more effective at destroying antigens.
b. Intracellular microorganisms are too large for antibodies to be effective against.
c. Cell-mediated response results in destruction of cells containing the intracellular microorganism; antibodies can not enter cells.
d. Intracellular microorganisms are too small for antibodies to be effective against.
receptors
bacterium
phagocytosis
phagosome
phagolysosomes
lysosome
soluble debris
exocytosis
In addition to phagocytosis, neutrophils use a process called NETs. Which one of the following describes this process?
Group of answer choices
A. NETs is a neutrophil process that activates the complement system of proteins, which destroys pathogens.
B. A net-like structure of DNA, histones, lactoferrins, gelatinase, cathepsin G, and myeloperoxidase is secreted at pathogens. Together these chemicals destroy pathogens.
C. NETs works when neutrophils secrete major basic proteins onto pathogens, destroying the pathogens' cell membranes.
D. NETs are chemicals secreted by neutrophils that trigger the rapid maturation of lymphoid stem cells into lymphocytes.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 43 - Briefly describe the insect defense system against...Ch. 43 - Prob. 2IQCh. 43 - Prob. 3IQCh. 43 - Prob. 4IQCh. 43 - Prob. 5IQCh. 43 - Prob. 6IQCh. 43 - Prob. 7IQCh. 43 - Prob. 8IQCh. 43 - Prob. 9IQCh. 43 - Prob. 1SYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 43 - Although innate and adaptive immunity were...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 43 - The process of clonal selection accounts for a....Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following destroys a target cell by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 43 - What is the key advantage to the use of monoclonal...Ch. 43 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 43 - From which of the following conditions would an...
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- In the antibody-mediated immune response, the binding of some antigen-presenting B cells to helper T cells initiates a signal transduction pathway that transforms the B cells into plasma cells, which will synthesize and secrete large quantities of antibodies-a specialized subset of proteins responsible for attaching to the antigen on the outer surface of pathogens. Which of the following describes the most relevant intracellular change to B cells as they are transformed into plasma cells? A B a breakdown of some membrane-bound proteins to allow synthesized antibodies to more readily diffuse across the membrane of the plasma cell с an increase in the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in order to allow the binding of a large number of ribosomes for antibody synthesis D an increase in the number of lysosomes in order to facilitate the storage of synthesized antibodies ahead of their transport out of the cell an increase in the volume of the mitochondria in order to increase…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation? a. inactivation of macrophages b. increased vascular permeability and edema c. vasodilation d. pain e. influx of leukocytes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a type of cell? A. ribosome B. haemocytoblast C. neutrophil D. phagocytearrow_forward
- FasL (in a somatic cell ) interaction with Fas receptor in ( an immune cell) will lead to ............ of the immune cell.arrow_forwardA virus has been identified that encodes a protein which inhibits the transporter-associated with antigen processing (TAP). If the virus infects macrophages, the infected cells are most likely to exhibit a reduction in which of the following? Cell surface class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins O a. b. Cell surface class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins Ос. Cell surface co-stimulatory proteins O d. Lysosome function е. Proteasome functionarrow_forwardWhich type of cell would you expect to find in elevated numbers in a person producing large amounts of circulating antibodies to combat a virus?arrow_forward
- The cells illustrated below are examples of: Choose from the following: (A) potential antigen-presenting cells (B) potential cells active in humoral immunity (synthesizing antibodies) (C) potential cells active in cell-mediated immunity (T lymphocytes (D) potential reticular cellsarrow_forwardHenry showed his mother the bite mark that he just received from a large bug in his backyard as he was playing. His mother noticed the reddened zone on the skin with a distinct circular shape of black, dying tissue. His arm was swelling up and painful to the touch. Listen Which of the following best describes the results of the bite described above? Select all answers that apply. A B atrophy necrosis C inflammation D apoptosisarrow_forwardc) State some of the features that cross the cell membrane and make "porin proteins" specific. d) Briefly clarify the concepts of "acylation", "prenylation" and "GPI stabilizer" in the context of membrane protein interactions. e) When determining ABO Blood Groups, give information about which blood group data can be obtained depending on the interaction of which antigens in the red blood cell and which antibodies in the serum.arrow_forward
- -If you could design a drug that increases extravasation at the endothelium, what is the most likely outcome? a.increased blood flow to the area of infection b.enhanced tissue repair c.enhanced expression of PRRs on the surface of phagocytes d.enhanced phagocytosisarrow_forward(1) In antibody structure, where are can we find unique variable domains? A. at the tip of each polypeptide chain B. on the stem region of the antibody C. at the bottom of each polypeptide chain D. only on immunoglobulin E (2) The stem region of the antibody determines the: A. general immunological mechanism of action B. specific inflammatory response C. specific immunological mechnism of action D. shape of the variable domains (3) Antibodies are proteins that consists of ------ polypeptides in a ------ shaped structure. A. three, X B. four, Y C. five, clover D. two, Yarrow_forwardCarina is a 15 year-old girl presents with acute-onset skin eruptions on her face. A punch biopsy obtained from her normal skin is shown in the figure below. Which of the following cells synthesize the structure labeled by the black arrow in the figure? Describe its characteristics. a. fibroblast b. plasma cells c.mast cells d.macrophagesarrow_forward
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