.

Q: Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding memory B cells? a. Memory B cells express…

A: B cells are a part of adaptive immune response. B cells have B cell receptors (BCRs) on their…

Q: Which of the following is a characteristic of T cell receptors?

A: Only on the cell membrane are T-cell antigen receptors to be located. Because it is made up of two…

Q: All of the following are examples of how tumors or the microenvironment in which they develop…

A: Tumor cells are able to stimulate specific adaptive immune responses. However, most frequently these…

Q: Decreased immunity is a symptom of HIV/AIDS. This is caused by which of the following? Select one:…

A: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a spectrum of life-threatening conditions is caused by…

Q: Which ONE of the following genes is most likely mutated in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?…

A: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an acute leukaemia. It is aggressive and progresses…

Q: The binding groove of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) binds to _____ and presents them to…

A: In humans, a protein that is encoded by the PROCR gene, is known as Endothelial protein C receptor.…

Q: What is the predicted outcome if a patient receives an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant from…

A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…

Q: In the laboratory you observe that IL-4 stimulates the proliferation of B cells, cytotoxic T cells…

A: Introduction: Cytokines are a group of proteins that serve as chemical messengers and are secreted…

Q: Organize the following steps in order of antibody production. A. CD40L-CD40 interaction turn on…

A: The process of antibody production begins with the activation of a CD4 T cell by a dendritic cell…

Q: Which of the following is a function of cytokines? A. Promote antibody invaders. B. Help T cells…

A: Cytokines : These are small proteins which are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of…

Q: activation of a CD8-positive T lymphocyte requires presentation of antigen in association with which…

A: The activation of T lymphocytes, including CD8-positive T cells, is a crucial part of the immune…

Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.  A vaccine is effective because  a. The…

A: Vaccine contain weak or inactive parts of particular antigen that triggers an immune response…

Q: A patient has contracted an upper respiratory infection caused by a virus. Her initial adaptive…

A: Immunity is the body’s ability to resist and eliminate the potential harmful foreign invaders to…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding CD4 is incorrect? a. MHC class II molecules present…

A: CD4 could be a monomeric kind I transmembrane compound protein consisting of 4 Ig-like extracellular…

Q: and T cells are activated by B cells are activated by a. soluble, intact antigens; antigen fragments…

A: 23. Option A is correct i.e, soluble, intact antigens; antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces…

Q: Which of these statements about T lymphocytes is false? a. Saome T cells promote the activity of B…

A: Lymphocytes are types of leukocytes. There are two types lymphocytes in immune system:…

Q: VDJ rearrangement occurs so that: Select one: a.after a pathogen has entered the system, B cells…

A: VDJ arrangement or VDJ recombination is the specialized mechanism which takes place in developing…

Q: Which of these statements about gamma interferon is false? a. It is a polypeptide autocrine…

A: The interferon gamma is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of type II class of…

Q: All of the following are properties of B-1 cells except a. They exhibit polyspecificity. b. They…

A: B1 cell is a type of B lymphocyte that is accountable for producing a humoral immune response. They…

Q: Where do naïve cytotoxic T cells encounter foreign antigens and become activated cytotoxic T cells?…

A: Naive t- cells are basically T- lymphocytes that have never been exposed to antigens since their…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding intraepithelial lymphocytes is false? (Select all that…

A: BASIC INFORMATION IMMUNE SYSTEM  It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…

Q: Dysfunctional repair of DNA double strand breaks often results in SCID because: thoose all that…

A: SCID stands for severe combined immunodeficiency disease.SCID is caused by adenosine deaminase (ADA)…

Q: Which of the following statements about Notch 1 is correct? (Select all that apply.) Select one or…

A: Concept used :  Notch 1 gene    Definitions required -  Notch 1 gene :  Notch one is a gene that…

Q: A good example of molecular mimicry is a. Decreased number of regulatory T cells in aging. b. The…

A: Molecular mimicry, also known as "molecular similarity," is a key principle in immunology and…

Q: When endogenous antigens "blend in"( i.e establish a presence on the cell membrane) between the…

A: An antigen is a molecule that stimulates the production of an antibody to generate an immune…

Q: These two cells destroy an infected cell by releasing chemicals that cause apoptosis. a. NK cell and…

A: A series of certain molecular reactions might cause the death of a biological cell. This phenomenon…

Q: Which of the following is not used as a treatment for autoimmune diseases? Select one: A. Anti-IL2…

A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…

Q: How does IL-2 affect T-cells? Select all the mechanisms in T-cells that utilize IL-2 Select one or…

A: Introduction  Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a type of cytokine and it acts as a signaling molecule in our…

Q: What is the function of tapasin? Select one: a. Tapasin is an antagonist of HLA-DM and causes more…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: All of the following are true in reference to T- cell priming except a. it occurs in primary…

A: The immune system of the human body consists of white blood cells, antibodies, spleen, thymus, and…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an explanation to the body's normal lack of mature lymphocytes that…

A: Lymphocytes develop in the Central lymphoid organ such as thymus and bone marrow. The main  criteria…

Q: In organ transplantation, minor histocompatibility antigens Select one: A. can trigger hyperacute…

A: Organ transplantation  Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which the damage organ of the…

Q: CD1-restricted α:β T cells respond to lipid antigens of mycobacterial pathogens using all except…

A: Introduction  The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification…

Q: Why HIV doesn’t naturally induce a strong CD8+ T cell response

A: HIV or the Human Immuno Deficiency Virus attacks the body's ability to fight infectious diseases…

Q: (1) In antibody structure, where are can we find unique variable domains? A. at the tip of each…

A: Introduction :  Antigens are things that cause the immune system to create antibodies in response to…

Q: Which of the following cell types can directly regulate B cell activation and differentiation? 單選:…

A: The stimulation of the Th1 clones with immobilised anti-CD3 mAb greatly boosted the proliferation of…

Q: Which of the following describes the developmental pathway for T cells? a. thymus → bone marrow →…

A: A type of leukocyte that plays an important role in the immune system refers to the T cell. T cells,…

Q: A naive T cell is migrating from the blood into a lymph node and first rolls along high endothelial…

A: T-lymphocytes are produced from the bone marrow and maturated in the thymus. They express T-cell…

Q: Which of the following is true about antigen presentation, MHC involvement or T cell activation?…

A: Introduction = Major Histocompatibility Complex- Cluster of genes found in all mammalsIts products…

Q: Choose the correct one. Which cells produce antibodies? a. Neutrophils. b. Dendritic cells. c.…

A: We know that neutrophils are responsible for secreting cytokines during tissue injury. Hence, Option…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding CD1 is correct? a. CD1 binding grooves are very…

A: The CD1 family of proteins is important in the adaptive immune response because they play a role in…

Q: The T lymphocytes as macrophages, secrete a number of polypeptides (cytokines) generally called…

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…